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financial dictionary pdf - financial terminology dictionary - financial dictionary app

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 11:17 PM PDT

financial dictionary pdf - financial terminology dictionary - financial dictionary app


How WhatsApp Is Killing SMS Texting

Posted:

With 2 billion users, WhatsApp is killing off cell phone carrier-based SMS texting. But how will it make money and remain dominant into the future?

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Trunk Club Review: Is It Worth It?

Posted:

Take a close look at one of the best-known online clothing services in the country and determine whether it's a good fit for your style and budget.

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How Debt Securitization Got Started

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Debt securitization is a very old idea in the financial world, but it didn't move into high gear in the United States until the 1970s.

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7 Ways to Recession-Proof Your Life

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Find out what you can do to prepare and cope in tough economic times.

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How to Use Index Futures

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Want to know whether the stock market will open up or down? Learn about index futures and how they can help predict how the market will trade.

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A Review of Past Recessions

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Here we look at the biggest economic declines in the U.S. since the Great Depression.

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How Altruist Is Changing the RIA Landscape

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Altruist positions itself as an alternative to traditional custodian platforms and aims to solve some of the most common infrastructure problems.

Consumer Confidence: A Killer Statistic

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The consumer confidence is key to any market economy, so investors need to learn how to analyze it.

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5 Things To Know About Potash

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Potash has been in the news a lot recently, but why is it so important?

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Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act

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The newest COVID-19 legislation—giving relief to small businesses, hospitals, and healthcare workers—has been signed. What it covers.

How to Apply for an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) and Loan Advance

Posted:

The process to secure a CARES Act EIDL Loan and up to $10,000 advance can be tricky. Here's how to get your money and keep your small business running.

When Your Employer Cuts Your 401(k) Match

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In hard times companies may stop matching your 401(k) contribution, but there are ways to offset the hit.

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Hedge Funds See Biggest Outflow Since Financial Crisis

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Investors pulled $33 billion out of hedge funds globally as markets spiraled down in the first quarter, according to Hedge Fund Research.

Can U.S. States Declare Bankruptcy?

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As the COVID-19 crisis upends state budgets, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has suggested states should "use the bankruptcy route."

Top Spiking Articles During Oil's Volatile Week

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These were the top searched terms and articles on Investopedia this week as readers looked to understand the crash in oil prices and how to trade it.

Is USO a Good Way to Invest in Oil?

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The United States Oil Fund is better suited to short-term investors who actively manage their portfolios.

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Financial History: The Evolution of Accounting

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Follow accounting from its roots in ancient times to the profession we know and depend upon today.

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Sales Tax By State

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Sales tax, which affects how much you ultimately pay at checkout, varies based on your location.

Tough Times Ahead for Disney Stock

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Walt Disney stock is unlikely to recover major losses, even if the world economy picks up steam this summer.

Investopedia Anxiety Index

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The Investopedia Anxiety Index is a gauge of investor sentiment based on the behavior of over 20 million Investopedia readers around the world.

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How to Get Coronavirus Mortgage Relief

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If your income has been affected by COVID-19, your mortgage payments can be suspended for up to a year. Here's how to qualify.

Understanding Cash Back vs. Airline Miles

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People who choose cash back offers can usually spend that cash on travel or use it for other purchases. Airline miles are less flexible but build up at about the same rate as cash rewards.

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The Most Affordable Way to Buy Gold: Physical Gold or ETFs?

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Investing in gold has never been easier than it is today. Check out this article to learn more about gold ETFs and other ways that you can add gold to your portfolio.

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Can I Take My 401(k) in a Lump Sum?

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You can take a lump-sum withdrawal from your 401(k), but in most cases will likely pay a penalty in addition to taxes if you are younger than 59½.

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History of Oil Prices

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A history of the major moves in oil prices including the Arab oil embargo, First Gulf War, 2008 financial crisis, and COVID-19 in 2020.

Pension Option Definition

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A pension option is any of a number of choices an employee must make at retirement. The most important question: lump sum or monthly payment?

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What Are Fibonacci Retracements and Fibonacci Ratios?

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Fibonacci retracements are popular tools that traders can use to draw support lines, identify resistance levels, and place stop-loss orders.

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Microsoft Earnings: What to Look for From MSFT

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Microsoft reports Q3 FY2020 earnings after markets close on April 29. Can it continue delivering robust growth in an economy reeling from COVID-19?

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When and Why Do Gold Prices Drop?

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A wise investor is one who recognizes gold's place in the market, without attaching too much or too little significance to it.

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Are 401(k) Loans Taxed?

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Money you borrow from a 401(k) is typically tax-exempt, making 401(k) loans a better alternative to hardship withdrawals or high-interest credit.

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How to Open and Access an Offshore Bank Account

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You don't have to be a master criminal or billionaire to open an offshore bank account. This article will walk you through the process.

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Netflix Doesn’t Want to Talk About Binge-Watching

Posted:

Netflix worked hard to make "binge-watching" a trend, but now it seems to be backing away from the word if not the concept. It's all about smart marketing.

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How Much Medicaid and Medicare Cost Americans

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Every taxpayer is required to pay their share to fund Medicaid and Medicare. Here's what it costs Americans and what you can expect to pay.

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What Are Some Examples of Expansionary Monetary Policy?

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Expansionary monetary policy can include a central bank's use of discount rates, reserve ratios, and purchases of securities to stimulate the economy

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Hetty Green: The Witch of Wall Street

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Hetty Green was the richest woman of her time and possibly the first value investor, yet she's not remembered kindly.

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Capital Decay Definition

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Capital decay is an economic term referring to the amount of revenue that is lost by a company due to obsolete technology or outdated business practices.

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The Truth About Real Estate Prices

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Historical housing price data suggests ongoing increases in housing prices. But these numbers don't tell the whole truth. Read on to find out more about real estate prices.

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The State of Sustainable Investing in 2020

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KPMG has issued a comprehensive report on the progress of sustainable investing and the challenges it faces.

Mortgage Deals: Bank Of America Vs. Wells Fargo

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Which bank offers a better mortgage deal? Here is how they compare on two popular types of mortgages.

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How Do Recessions Impact Businesses?

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Find out how this economic cycle affects both small and big business.

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Best Inverse Oil ETF for 2020

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The best inverse oil ETF for 2020 by 1-year performance is SCO.

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Current Assets vs. Noncurrent Assets: What's the Difference?

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Current assets are short-term assets, while noncurrent assets are long-term assets; both are listed on a company's balance sheet.

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Best Oil and Gas ETFs for Q2 2020

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The best oil and gas ETFs for Q2 2020 are MLPX, IXC, and XLE.

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5 Top Investors Who Profited From the Global Financial Crisis

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These smart investors weren't scared off by the recession, and it paid off in a big way.

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Top Energy Stocks for April 2020

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These are the energy stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for April.

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Top Oil and Gas Penny Stocks for Q2 2020

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These are the oil and gas penny stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q2 2020.

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Top Oil & Gas Stocks for Q2 2020

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These are the oil & gas stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q2 2020.

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A Newbie's Guide to Reading an Options Chain

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Learning to understand the language of options chains will help you become a more effective options trader.

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Alphabet Earnings: What to Look For From GOOGL

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Alphabet reports Q1 earnings after market close on April 28. Can it maintain growth in paid clicks, profits and revenue amid a pandemic-induced recession?

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Physical Delivery Defined

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Physical delivery is a term in an options or futures contract which requires the actual underlying asset to be delivered on a specified delivery date.

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What Economic Indicators Do Oil and Gas Investors Need to Watch?

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Leading indicators for oil and gas investments are centered on the levels of production, consumer demand and inventory levels of petroleum products.

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Do Oil and Natural Gas Prices Rise And Fall Together?

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Do the prices of crude oil and natural gas affect each other? Investopedia explores price patterns and provides analysis.

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OPEC's Influence on Global Oil Prices

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OPEC affects the price of oil by coordinating supply cuts when the price is deemed too low and supply increases when prices are too high.

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Top Factors That Affect the Price of Oil

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A look at the factors that affect the price of oil, and how the price affects the economy from family budgets to corporate earnings to the nation's GDP. 

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Examples of Companies or Products That Have Outstanding Brand Equity

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Brand equity is the heart of reputation-building for companies and products. With solid equity, the quality of a service or product speaks for itself.

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Looking to Invest in Oil? Try the Vanguard Energy ETF

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Want to invest in oil without the risk of investing directly in oil? Learn how you can benefit from investing in ETFs like the Vanguard Energy ETF.

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What Causes Oil Prices to Fluctuate?

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Discover how OPEC, demand and supply, natural disasters, production costs and political instability are some of the major causes in oil price fluctuation.

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How Crude Oil Affects Gas Prices

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Learn about the origins of oil, how its price is determined, and what effect its correlation with gas prices has on the global economy.

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OPEC vs the US: Who Controls Oil Prices?

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The pricing power for oil has swung between the U.S. and OPEC over the years but OPECs current control over oil prices appears to be in danger.

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The Top 6 Companies In Crude Tanker Business

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Investopedia provides a list of the top companies which are in the business of moving the crude oil across the globe.

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The Best (and Worst) Companies For Workplace Diversity

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Which large companies are the most committed to workplace diversity and which have the most work to do in their hiring practices?

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Taking Required Minimum Distributions? These Mistakes Could Cost You

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Required minimum distributions (RMDs) are the amounts you must take from tax-deferred retirement accounts. Here's how to avoid costly errors.

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What Determines Oil Prices?

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Understand the economic factors and other market forces that impact oil prices.

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Crude Oil Definition

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Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials.

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Oil Price Affect on the Stock Market

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Read about how the price of oil might impact the stock market and why economists have not been able to find a strong correlation between the two.

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5 Steps to Making a Profit in Crude Oil Trading

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Whether you are a novice or an energy sector investing veteran, these five steps will give you consistent opportunities to profit in crude oil trading.

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A Quick Beginner's Guide to Investing in Oil Markets

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Investing in oil markets can be done without having to open a futures account.

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How to Invest in Oil

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Investors have many options for getting involved with oil. These methods come with varying degrees of risk and range from direct investment in oil as a commodity, to indirect exposure in oil through the ownership of energy-related equities.One direct method of owning oil is through the purchase of oil futures or oil futures options.

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Brent Crude vs. West Texas Intermediate: The Differences

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The major difference between the crude oils Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate is that Brent Crude originates from oil fields in the North Sea, while West Texas Intermediate is sourced from U.S. oil fields.

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How Oil Prices Impact the U.S. Economy

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Now that the United States has increased oil production through shale oil and fracking, low oil prices can harm the U.S. oil industry and its workers.

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Why Gold Matters: Everything You Need To Know

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Gold is a very useful investment during periods of instability and high inflation. Learn the history of gold, common ways to invest in gold and more.

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Funds Transfer Pricing (FTP) Definition

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Funds transfer pricing (FTP) analyzes bank funding contributes to areas of strength and weakness within the bank.

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Work Experience Vs Education: What's the Difference?

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Which is better for getting a good job, work experience of education? It depends on the job you want and the particular work or education you've obtained.

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Margin of Safety

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Margin of safety is an investing principle that involves only procuring a security when its market price is substantially less than its intrinsic value.

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Unemployment and Recession—What's the Relation?

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Learn what a recession is, some attributes of an economy in a recession, and why the unemployment rate tends to rise during a recession.

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What is the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA)?

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Learn about the FFCRA which provides paid sick leave, COVID-19 testing, nutritional assistance, extended unemployment benefits and more.

Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Definition

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An automated teller machine is an electronic banking outlet for completing basic transactions without the aid of a branch representative or teller.

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Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) Definition

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A chartered financial analyst is a professional designation given by the CFA Institute that measures the competence and integrity of financial analysts.

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Post Date

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The post date is the day, month and year when a card issuer posts a transaction and adds it to the cardholder's account balance.

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Average Outstanding Balance Definition

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An average outstanding balance is the unpaid, interest-bearing balance of a loan or loan portfolio averaged over a period of time, usually one month.

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Secured Credit Card Definition

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A secured credit card is a type of credit card that is backed by a cash deposit, which serves as collateral should you default on payments.

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Price Target Definition

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A price target is an analyst's projection of a security's future price, one at which an analyst believes a stock is fairly valued.

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How a Company Deals with Political Risk

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Political risk is that a country will make political decisions that have adverse effects on corporate profits, including micro and macro risk.

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Asset-Backed Security (ABS) Definition

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An asset-backed security (ABS) is a debt security collateralized by a pool of assets.

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Systematic Withdrawal Schedule Definition

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A systematic withdrawal schedule is a method of withdrawing funds from an annuity account in a series of payments that is pre-determined.

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Latest Govt Jobs, Sarkari Naukri, Results

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 09:58 PM PDT

Latest Govt Jobs, Sarkari Naukri, Results


West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus 2020 – WBBPE TET Exam Pattern

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 04:36 AM PDT

WBTET Syllabus 2020 

WBTET Syllabus – We have provided the West Bengal TET Syllabus on this page. So, the candidates need not waste your valuable time anymore searching for the West Bengal TET Syllabus. We suggest the candidates go through the following sections of this page to get more information regarding WBTET Syllabus 2020. The candidates can also check more updates about the exam pattern and syllabus, which plays a crucial role while preparing for any exam. Without having a proper idea about the syllabus, the applicant’s preparation may not be sufficient. For adequate preparation, the candidates should go through the West Bengal TET Syllabus on this page.

West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus 2020   WBBPE TET Exam Pattern

With the help of the West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus, the candidates can know the relevant topics for the examination. We have given the syllabus in detail. So, the applicants have to cover each and every section during their preparation. Then the chances of qualifying in the examination will be high. So, the interested candidates follow the information given on this page to crack this examination. Most of the applicants are struggling a lot to find the exact WBTET Syllabus. For those candidates, we have given the WB TET Syllabus topics wise.

West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus 2020 @ wbbpe.org 

WBTET 2020 Syllabus PDF
Name of the Organization West Bengal Board of Primary Education (WBBPE).
Exam Name West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test (WBTET).
Category Syllabus
Job Location West Bengal
Official Website www.wbbpe.org

WBTET Syllabus 2020 – Teacher Eligibility Test Exam Pattern 

We have also given the WB TET Exam Pattern on this page. So, the interested candidates can look at the exam pattern and then go through the syllabus section. The applicants have to start their preparation now itself because there is a lot of syllabi to prepare. Having an idea about the exam pattern helps the candidate to know the details regarding the duration of the exam and the weightage of marks for each section. So, the candidates have to prepare according to the weightage of the marks. Then the applicants can give more importance to the topics having high weightage.

Selection Procedure for West Bengal TET 2020

The candidates will be selected based on their performance in the following rounds. So, the candidates should qualify in all the rounds given below.

  1. Written Test.
  2. Interview.

West Bengal TET Exam Pattern 2020 

Check out the Exam Structure of both West Bengal TET Paper 1 and Paper 2. Below, two tables provided separately for each paper.

WB TET Exam Pattern – Paper I

Name of the Subjects Questions Marks
Child Development and pedagogy 30 30
Language I (Odia/Urdu) 30 30
Language II (English) 30 30
Mathematics 30 30
Environmental Studies 30 30
Total 150 150

West Bengal TET Test Pattern – Paper II

Name of the Subjects Questions Marks
Child development and pedagogy 30 30
Language-I 30 30
Social Studies 30 30
Language-II 30 30
Mathematics & Science 30 30
Total 150   150  

The candidates can also check the WB TET Exam Pattern and prepare according to the weightage of the marks. We have given the test pattern separately for paper 1 and paper 2. So, go through the information given on this page to crack this examination.

WB TET Syllabus 2020 – West Bengal TET Syllabus 

The candidates who have applied for the exam have to start their preparation now, because there is a lot of syllabi to prepare. So, why late! let’s check WB TET 2020 Syllabus and begin the preparation.

West Bengal Primary Teacher Syllabus (TET) – Paper I

WBTET Syllabus 2020 for Child Development and Pedagogy

  • Approaches to teaching and learning
  • Understanding Learning Process and Learners
  • Understanding Child Development during Childhood (focus on children at the primary level)
  • Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with special needs
  • Assessment

West Bengal TET Syllabus for Language (Bengali)

  • Language Comprehension
  • Teaching, Reading and Writing Skills
  • Assessment of learning Bengali
  • Learning Bengali at the elementary level
  • Language items

WB TET Syllabus for Language (English)

  • The Language items
  • Language Learning
  • Skills in learning English
  • Learning English at the Elementary Level
  • Assessment of English
  • Comprehension

West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus for Mathematics

  • Shapes and Spatial Relationship
  • Methods and Approaches to Teaching-Learning Mathematics
  • Assessment in Mathematics
  • Number System and Operation in Numbers
  • Mathematics Education in Schools
  • Measurement
  • Data Handling and Patterns

WB TET Syllabus 2020 – Environmental Studies (EVS)

  • Methods and Approaches
  • Evaluation in EVS
  • Governance
  • Concept
  • Internal Systems of Human Body
  • Physical Features of West Bengal and India
  • Health and Diseases
  • History of Freedom Struggle in India and West Bengal
  • Matter, Force, and Energy

WBTET Syllabus of Paper-II

wbbpe.org Syllabus – Child Development and Pedagogy

  • Curriculum Teaching: Learning Approaches and Evaluation
  • Child Development (Focus on Upper Primary School Children)
    Learning

WB TET Syllabus for Language 1 (Bengali)

  • Contribution of famous literates for development of Bengali language
  • Teaching Language
  • Assessment of Language
  • Learning Bengali at Upper Primary Level
  • Elements of Bengali Language
  • Language Items

WB Primary Teacher Syllabus – Language II (English)

  • Comprehension
  • Development of English Language Skills
  • Assessment of learning the English Language
  • Learning English at Upper Primary Level
  • Language Items

West Bengal WBPPE Syllabus Mathematics (only for Mathematics and Science Teacher)

  • Ratio and Proportion
  • Playing with Numbers
  • Shapes and Spatial Relationship
  • Knowing our Numbers
  • Algebra
  • Negative Numbers and Integers
  • Basic geometrical ideas (2-D)
  • Data handling and Patterns
  • Geometry
  • Construction (using Straight edge Scale, protractor, compasses)
  • Introduction to Algebra
  • Methods and Approaches to Teaching-Learning Mathematics
  • Fractions
  • Number System
  • Measurement
  • Fractions
  • Understanding Elementary Shapes (2-D and 3-D)
  • Symmetry: Reflection
  • Mensuration
  • Whole Numbers
  • Exponentiation
  • Mathematics – Trends and Developments
  • Learning Materials in Mathematics
  • Pedagogy
  • Mathematics Learning – Evaluation
  • Place of Mathematics in Curriculum
  • Learning of Mathematics – Strategies and Methods
  • Percentage
  • Average
  • Geometry
  • Algebra
  • Arithmetic
  • Assessment in Mathematics
  • Mathematics Education in Schools
  • Number System and Operation in Numbers
  • Nature of Mathematics
  • Quadrilaterals

WBPRE TET Paper-II Syllabus of Science (only for Mathematics and Science Teacher)

  • Evaluation in Science
  • Nature of Science
  • Physical Science
  • Cell
  • Energy
  • Pollution
  • Human nervous system
  • Animal nutrition
  • Biodiversity
  • Basic concepts of force
  • Magnetism
  • Transparent and opaque objects
  • Plant reproduction
  • Ecosystem
  • Agriculture
  • Germination of seed
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Cellular equilibrium
  • Diseases
  • Cleaning food
  • Natural Phenomena
  • Natural Resources
  • Materials of daily use
  • Materials
  • The World of the Living
  • Electric current and circuits
  • Sources of food
  • Food
  • Magnets
  • Components of food
  • Moving Things People and Ideas
  • Life Science
  • Methods and Approaches

West Bengal Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus for Social Study (only for Social Study Teacher)

  • Human Environment
  • Settlement, Transport, Communication
  • The Earliest Societies
  • Geography
  • Early States
  • Social Justice and the Marginalised
  • History
  • Making a Living
  • When, Where and How
  • Regional Cultures
  • New Kings and Kingdoms
  • Creation of an Empire
  • Understanding Media
  • Diversity
  • The First Farmers and Herders
  • Globe
  • Sultans of Delhi
  • Social and Political Life
  • Political Developments
  • Resources: Types-Natural and Human
  • Local Government
  • Unpacking Gender
  • Air
  • Government
  • Culture and Science
  • Planet: Earth in the solar system
  • The Judiciary
  • Parliamentary Government
  • Water
  • The First Cities
  • Social Change
  • The Constitution
  • Architecture
  • Democracy
  • State GovernmentAims and Objectives of Teaching Social Studies
  • Evaluation in Social Science
  • Geography
  • Methods and Approaches
  • Motions of the Earth
  • Mineral and Power Resources
  • Life in the Temperate Grasslands
  • Social and Political Life
  • Political Science
  • Understanding Media
  • Diversity and Discrimination
  • Understanding Marginalisation
  • History
  • From Gathering to Growing Food
  • India after Independence
  • Rulers and Buildings

Download West Bengal TET Syllabus 2020 & Previous Papers Pdf

We have also provided the WBTET Previous Papers. Sometimes the exam paper will contain the questions from the previous papers. So, the applicants can practice the number of solved papers. We have provided the information only for the reference of the candidates. So, the applicants can visit the official website for more details. The candidates can get more information regarding WBTET Syllabus 2020 on our site. So, the interested candidates can visit our site regularly for the latest updates.

Download West Bengal TET Previous Year Question Papers PDF

Manipur Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus & Exam Pattern Below

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 03:42 AM PDT

Manipur TET Exam Syllabus 

Manipur TET Syllabus – Are you the one who is searching for the Manipur Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus and Exam Pattern details. Then you have reached the right place to get the details you are looking for. In this section, we have updated the Exam pattern, a number of questions are going to be asked form which part, marking pattern and important topics for the guidelines of the candidates who are getting ready for the Manipur TET Exam.

Manipur Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus & Exam Pattern Below

Overview of Manipur Teacher Eligibility Exam 2020 Details 

Name of the Organization
Board of Secondary Education Manipur
Exam Name Manipur Teacher Eligibility Test (MTET)
 Exam Date   Updated Soon
 Category Syllabus
Job Location Manipur
Official Website  tet.bosem.in

Manipur TET Exam Pattern

Manipur TET Exam Paper I Pattern (Primary Class)

Subject Name No.of. Question  Marks Exam Duration
Child Development &
Pedagogy
30 30 02 Hours 30 Minutes
Language I 30 30
Language II 30 30
Mathematics 30 30
Environmental Studies 30 30
Total 150   150  

Manipur TET Exam Pattern – Paper – II (Upper Primary Class)

Subject Name No.of. Question  Marks Exam Duration
Child Development & Pedagogy 30 30 02 Hours 30 Minutes
Language I 30 30
Language II 30 30
Optional Paper
Mathematics & Science
(For Mathematics and Science Teachers)
60 60
Social Studies & Science
(For Social Studies and Science Teachers)
60 60
Total 150   150  

Manipur TET Syllabus – Manipur Teacher Eligibility Exam Syllabus

Child Development (Primary School Child)  

  • Concept of Development and its relationship with growth and learning.
  • Principles of Development of Children.
  • Stages of Development of a child.
  • Process of Growth and Development – Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, and language development of children.
  • Influence of Heredity and Environment on Development of a child.
  • Role of Teacher, Parents, and peers in the development of a child.
  • Ideas of Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky.
  • Concepts of child-centered and Progressive Education.
  • Concept of Intelligence.
  • Multi-Dimensional Intelligence.
  • Individual Differences among Learners.
  • Enhancing Learning and critical Thinking and Assessing Learner's Achievement

Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special Needs.

  • Learners from diverse backgrounds including disadvantaged and deprived.
  • Children with learning difficulties, impairment, etc. Gifted, Creative, specially-abled Learners.

Manipur TET Syllabus – Learning and pedagogy

  • How children think and learn.
  • Basic processes of Teaching and Learning as a social activity; social context of learning.
  • Child as a problem solver.
  • Motivation and learning.
  • Factors contributing to learning, personal and environmental

Language – English

  • Language Comprehension -Two unseen passages.
  • The following items should be reflected in the questions;
  • Vocabulary test, Parts of speech, Sentence
  • Improvement, Determiners, Marks of punctuation, Phrases and idioms, Passage completions

Pedagogy of Language Development 

  • Language Learning and acquisition.
  • Principles of language teaching.
  • Language skills.
  • Role of speaking and listening in the function of language with special reference to the use of language by children.
  • Role of grammar in learning a language and communicating ideas verbally and in written form.
  • Challenges of teaching in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors, and disorders.
  • Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency with reference to the four skills.
  • Multi-language resource of the classroom.
  • Remedial teaching.
  • Basic element of classroom management.

Language II – Modern Indian Language

Language Comprehension

Two unseen prose passages (discursive or literary or narrative or scientific) With questions on comprehension, grammar, and verbal ability.

Questions will be based on the following categories.

  • Comprehension test
  • Phrases and Idioms
  • Parts of Speech
  • Punctuation marks
  • Vocabulary test (including antonyms and synonyms)
  • Sentence transformation
  • Sentence improvement
  • Passage completion.

Manipur TET Syllabus – Pedagogy of Language Development 

  • Language and its use.
  • Acquisition of first language.
  • Principles of language teaching.
  • Role of grammar in language teaching.
  • Language skills and their assessment.
  • Teaching of literature and functional grammar.
  • Teaching-learning materials: Textbook and multi-materials.
  • Remedial teaching

Environmental Science

  • Our need: Our food, Cloths, Shelter, Air, Water.
  • Living and Non-living Organisms: Living organism – Characteristics; differences from non-living.
  • Plants: Characteristics & uses.
  • Animals:  Different external and internal organs of a human beings; their important functions.
  • Natural Resources.
  • Healthy Habits: Good Habits, Diseases, Pollution, and its preventions.
  • The sun, the earth, stars, and sky.
  • Means of transport and communication.
  • Story of wheel: Beginning of exploration of scientific means of transportation.
  • Concept of distance, time, and mass.
  • Basic ideas of electricity and light and the related phenomenon around us.
  • Weather and climate.
  • Physical feature of India with special reference to Manipur.
  • Disaster Management.
  • National and state symbol.
  • Stories of our Freedom Fighters.
  • Some great personalities

Manipur TET Syllabus – Mathematics

  • Numbers: Natural numbers, Integers.
  • Operations on Integers:  Addition, Subtraction, Relation between the operation of addition and subtraction as the reverse process of each other; Testing the right choice of the operation in specific problems;
  • The operations of multiplication and division among natural numbers, their relation as the reverse process of each other.
  • Testing the right choice of operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in the right order in specific word problems.
  • Distinguishing characters of plane figures with special reference to triangle, square, and circle.
  • Identification of solids around us; special shapes of solid bodies: sphere, cube, cuboid, cone, cylinder.
  • Different Units of measure: Length, Weight, Volume, and time with subunits.
  • Money: Indian money and its denominations.
  • Patterns: Patterns in numbers/finding a missing number in a pattern or finding the next number or term in a pattern.
  • Mathematical Symbols: Interpretation or simply reading a symbolic statement; Conversion of symbolic statement to common language and vice-versa.
  • Data handling by using pictographs and pie charts.
  • Reading of calendar, determination of the day of the week given the day of a particular date.
  • Reading the dial of the clock

Social Studies

History

  • Studying the past; Early Man & His Life.
  • Ancient Civilizations-Indus Valley Civilizations &Vedic civilization.
  • Rise of States-Mahajanapadas; Rise of Magadha.
  • New ideas.
  • Mauryan Empire; Gupta Empire; Harshavardhana.
  • Rise of small kingdoms in India in the Medieval period.
  • The Delhi Sultanate; The Mughal empire.
  • States & Kingdoms in North-east India in the 15th Century.
  • Religious Developments.
  • Manipur in the early 18th Century.
  • British conquest of India.
  • Impact of British rule; Manipur & the British, Manipur under British rule.
  • Socio-Religious Reform Movements.
  • Indian National Movement.
  • The 2nd World War & Manipur.

Manipur TET Syllabus – Geography

  • The Earth in the Solar System.
  • Latitude, longitude, and motions of the earth.
  • Natural environment: Air and Water.
  • Human environment: Settlement, transport, and communication with special reference to Manipur.
  • Life in hot and cold desert regions.
  • Natural resources: Land, wildlife, natural vegetation, mineral and power resources.
  • Agriculture.
  • Human resources: Population-age and sex compositions, population change, and Distribution with special reference to Manipur.

Political Science & Economics

  • Community Development.
  • Local self-Government in Rural and Urban areas.
  • District Administration.
  • Presentation of Public Property and Historical Movements.
  • Merger of Manipur.
  • State hood of Manipur.
  • Indian Constitution and its basic values.
  • National symbol and National density.
  • Government at the Centre and States Directive Principles of State Policy.
  • Fundamental Rights and Duties.
  • The Role of Citizens.
  • Diversities in India.
  • The Scenario of the 20th Century World. Human Rights and the problem of terrorism.
  • India and the United Nations.
  • Population and Economic Development. Globalization and the World Trade Organization.
  • The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Environmental Degradation and Natural Disaster.

Science

  • Nature and structure of matter: Separation of substances, Metals and non-metals.
  • Changes around us.
  • Structure of atom.
  • Acids, Bases, and salts.
  • Carbon.
  • Materials of daily use.
  • The Solar system: The sun and its planets.
  • Measurement.
  • Force and motion: Types of motion; Definition of force; Laws of force and its application.
  • Heat and Temperature: Transfer of heat and Different Scales of temperature.
  • Light: Concept of reflection, refraction, dispersion, and their laws with application.
  • Wave and sound.
  • Electric charge at rest; the flow of electric charge and Magnetism.
  • Sources of energy.
  • Living world; Characteristics and classification of the living beings.
  • Structural organization and functions of living organisms.
  • Cell structure, function, and reproduction. Micro-organisms.
  • Food-components; food production and management.
  • Health and diseases.
  • Environment.

Download the Manipur TET Syllabus Pdf give below to know more important topics.

Manipur TET Syllabus Paper I – Download Here

Manipur TET Syllabus Paper II – Download Here

Mizoram TET Previous Papers | Free Download Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test PDF

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 01:29 AM PDT

Mizoram TET Previous Papers with Answers Pdf available here. So, candidates can download the old Mizoram TET Question Papers for free of cost. Aspirants can also get Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test Old Papers @ mbse.edu.in for the better exam preparation.

Mizoram TET Question Papers

You will find the entire details of the Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test and exam pattern here. On this page, we have enclosed the links for Mizoram TET Model Papers with Solutions for free download. Hence, applied candidates can freely download those papers to boost up their preparation. All the Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test Exam Papers are given in pdf format. Therefore, you can download the Last Year Papers in just single click.Mizoram TET Previous Papers | Free Download Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test PDF

Interested candidates who have applied for the Mizoram TET exam can find all the model question papers provided here. Check them and download them for free for Mizoram TET exam 2020. This will help you to prepare well for the exam and score good marks. We have provided a list of previous year question papers for you to start practising. It will also help you to understand the structure of the exam, all the important topics, types of questions asked and other details that are important from the Mizoram TET exam point of view. For more details, read the sections in this article. You can also visit the official portal of the Mizoram TET Limited for more details.

Mizoram TET Previous Papers | mbse.edu.in

Name of the Board Mizoram Board of School Education (MBSE)
Test Name Teacher
Exam Name Mizoram  Teacher Eligibility Test
Number of Vacancies Update soon
Category Previous Papers
Official website mbse.edu.in

Selection Type:

  • Written Test

Mizoram TET Model Papers | Mizoram TET Syllabus

The Mizoram State Education Board will select the applicants for the Teacher Posts on the basis of their performance in the written test. As we know that a huge number of candidates have applied for this recruitment, the competition is very high. So, applicants must perform well in the examination. For a thorough preparation, candidates must solve the Mizoram TET Solved Question Papers. These papers are very helpful for getting more marks in the exam. For the perfect preparation, candidates must prepare each and every topic in the prescribed syllabus. By referring the syllabus, the applicants will know which topics to study for the examination. Here, we have updated the Syllabus pdf link. Hence, download the syllabus and finish all topics preparation. After overall preparation, solve Mizoram TET Sample Papers for analyzing your performance.

Mizoram TET Old Question Papers & Exam Pattern 2020

The candidates who applied for the Mizoram TET Notification can download the Mizoram TET Previous Question Papers from the attached links. These exam papers play a vital role in exam preparation and help to improve your problem-solving skills. By solving various numbers of Mizoram Teacher Eligibility Test Old Papers, you will understand which questions to answer first and last. So that you can manage time and can answer all the questions in the time limit. The Mizoram TET will be conducted in 2 parts. Paper-I will be conducted for 150 marks. There will be 150 questions for the same. The subjects that the candidates will have to prepare for the paper I are Child Development & Pedagogy, Language I, Language II, Mathematics and Environmental Studies. Paper-II will be conducted for 150 marks. There will be 150 questions for the same. The subjects that the candidates will have to prepare for the paper I are Child Development & Pedagogy, Language I, Language II, Mathematics & Science for Mathematics and Science Teachers, Social & Science for Social Studies and Science Teachers or any other teacher. Get the entire details below.

Mizoram TET Paper I:

Subject Name Questions Marks
Child Development & Pedagogy 30 30
Language I 30 30
Language II 30 30
Mathematics 30 30
Environmental Studies 30 30
Total 150 Questions 150 Marks

Mizoram TET Paper 2:

Subject Name Questions Marks
Child Development & Pedagogy 30 30
Language I 30 30
Language II 30 30
Mathematics & Science for Mathematics and Science Teachers
Social & Science for Social Studies and Science Teachers
Any other Teacher either 1 or 2
30 30
Total 150 Questions 150 Marks

Free Download Mizoram TET Exam Solved Question Papers PDF

The applicants can get the Mizoram TET Exam Papers from the enclosed free downloading links. These old question papers are given only for the purpose of reference. Hence, aspirants who downloaded the Mizoram TET Previous Papers must utilize those papers for practising and to test their capability. For any information regarding the Teacher Eligibility Test, check the official site mbse.edu.in. Get all the previous papers below. You can also get the Mizoram TET Syllabus Here.

DOWNLOAD THE MIZORAM TET PREVIOUS PAPERS HERE

Telangana TET Syllabus 2020 – TS Teacher Eligibility Test Exam Pattern – tstet.cgg.gov.in

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 01:27 AM PDT

TS TET Syllabus 2020 Pdf is available. So, the candidates who are willing to attend the exam can also check the Telangana TET Syllabus. We have also given the direct link to download the TSTET Syllabus 2020. So, the interested candidates can also check the TS TET 2020 Syllabus @ tstet.cgg.gov.in

TSTET Syllabus 2020

The candidates who have applied for the exam are facing problems while searching for the Telangana TET Syllabus 2020. Are you one of them in search of the TS TET 2020 Syllabus? Then you are in the right place. We have given the TS Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus along with the exam pattern on this page. Aspirants can get more updates about the Telangana TET Exam here. So, the candidates need not waste your valuable time anymore searching for the TSTET 2020 Syllabus. We suggest the applicants go through the following sections of this page to get more information regarding TS TET Syllabus 2020.

Applicants can also get more information about Teacher Jobs here. The foremost thing to be considered while preparing for an exam is the syllabus. Without having any idea about the TS TET Syllabus 2020 in Telugu the candidates’ preparation may not be effective. To avoid all those problems the candidates have to prepare well. To make your preparation much better the candidates have to go through the TS TET 2020 Syllabus.

TS TET Syllabus 2020 @ tstet.cgg.gov.in

Name of the Board Department of School Education, Government of Telangana
Exam Name Telangana Teachers Eligibility Test (TS TET)
Post Name Teacher Jobs
Category Syllabus
Job Location Telangana
Official site www.tstet.cgg.gov.in

The applicants should qualify in the below rounds with the minimum cut off marks as decided by the organization. Then only they are eligible for final employment.

Selection Procedure for TS TET Exam 2020:

  1. Written Test
  2. Interview

TS TET 2020 Syllabus – TSTET Exam Pattern

The candidates can also check the TSTET Syllabus 2020 and know the important topics for the examination. They can also know the details regarding the exam duration, which subjects consist of high weightage and the total number of questions. Then the applicants can prepare according to the weightage of the marks. They should give more importance to the topics having high weightage.

Recently, Telangana State Teacher Eligibility Test Published a notification to recruit the skilled candidates as Teachers.  A huge number of candidates have applied for the exam. So, they have to prepare well to qualify in one of the most competitive exams like Telangana TET. So, the applicants can download the TS TET 2020 Syllabus from the direct link given on this page. The candidates can get recruitment notification on our Latest Employment News.

Telangana Teacher Eligibility Test Exam Pattern 2020 – Paper I

S.No Topics No. of Questions No. of Marks Duration
1. Child Development and Pedagogy 30 30  150 Minutes
2. Language I 30 30
3. Language II 30 30
4. Mathematics 30 30
5. Environmental Studies  30 30
TOTAL 150 150

Telangana TET Exam Pattern 2020 – Paper II

S.No Topics No. of Questions No. of Marks Duration
1. Child Development & Pedagogy (compulsory) 30 30 150 Minutes
2. Language I (compulsory) 30 30
3. Language II (compulsory) 30 30
4.  (a) For Mathematics and Science teacher: Mathematics and Science
(b) For Social Studies/Social Science teacher: Social Science
(c) For any other teacher: either (a) or (b)
60 60
TOTAL 150 150

TS TET 2020 Syllabus – TSTET Exam Syllabus (Paper – I)

The candidates who are willing to attend the exam can also check the TS TET Syllabus 2020 and prepare well for the examination.

Telangana State TET 2020 Syllabus for Child Development & Pedagogy

  • Development Of Child
  • Understanding Learning
  • Pedagogical Concerns

TS TET 2020 Syllabus for Language I (Telugu)

  • Basics in Telugu

TS TET Syllabus for Language – II (English)

  • Parts of speech
  • Tenses
  • Types of Sentences
  • Prepositions
  • Articles
  • Degrees of Comparison
  • Direct & Indirect Speech
  • Questions & Question Tags
  • Active & Passive Voice
  • Use of Phrases
  • Comprehension
  • Composition
  • Vocabulary
  • Meaning of Idiomatic Expressions
  • Correction of Sentences
  • Sequencing of Sentences in the given paragraph
  • Error Identification within a sentence

Telangana TET Syllabus for Mathematics

  • Number System
  • Fractions
  • Arithmetic
  • Geometry
  • Measurements
  • Data Applications
  • Algebra

TS TET 2020 Syllabus for Environmental Studies

  • My Family
  • Work & Play
  • Plants & Animals
  • Our Food
  • Shelter
  • Air
  • Energy
  • Water
  • Our Body – Health – Cleanliness
  • Mapping
  • History & Culture 0f India
  • Our Country (India)
  • Our State (Telangana)
  • Indian Constitution
  • Security – Earth Quakes, Floods, Fire, First Aid, 108, 104 Vehicles

TS TET Syllabus 2020 (Paper-II)

The TS TET 2020 Syllabus for Paper II is the same as Paper I for Telugu, English, Mathematics & Child Development & Pedagogy. We have given the syllabus for the remaining subjects below.

TS Teacher Eligibility Test for Science

  1. Natural Resources – Air, Water
  2. Our Universe
  3. Natural Phenomena
  4. Mechanics
  5. Magnetism & Electricity
  6. Matter Around Us
  7. Laws of Chemical Combinations & Chemical Calculations
  8. Atomic Structure
  9. Periodic Classification & Chemical Bonding
  10. Metallurgy
  11. Biology
  12. Living World
  13. Plant World
  14. Animal World
  15. Microbes
  16. Our Environment
  17. Recent Trends in Biology

TSTET Syllabus 2020 for Social Studies

  1. Diversity on the Earth
  2. Production – Exchange & Livelihoods
  3. Political System & Governance
  4. Social Organization & Inequities
  5. Religion & Society
  6. Culture & Communication

Download Telangana TET Syllabus 2020 & Previous Papers Pdf

We have also provided the TS TET Previous Papers here. So, the candidates can practice the number of model papers to improve their skills. Sometimes the exam paper will also contain the questions from the previous papers.

TSTET Syllabus for Paper I Telangana TET Syllabus for Paper II

We have provided the information only for the reference of the candidates. So, the applicants can visit the official website @ tstet.cgg.gov.in for more details. The candidates can get more information regarding  TS Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus 2020 on our site. So, the interested candidates can visit our site regularly for the latest updates.

TS TET Previous Papers | Paper 1, 2 Exam Model Paper Pdf @ tstet.cgg.gov.in

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 01:09 AM PDT

TS TET Previous Papers for both paper 1 and paper 2 examinations is available here. Aspirants who are looking for Telangana Stage TET question papers can find previous papers below. Also, check the exam paper pattern details below. Visitors who also check the official TS TET website i.e., tstet.cgg.gov.in for more details.

TS TET Previous Question Papers

Telangana State Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) previous year question paper pdf is given in the sections below. As the previous papers are helpful for the applicants who are appearing for the written exam. To make it easy for those contenders in finding the question papers easily we have collected and given papers at one place. The TS TET model question paper given on this page are free to download. Hence, find the free download link below and download the pdf and start your preparation.

The TS TET examination is conducted by the state education board. Many job seekers who are preparing for the teacher vacancies might be eagerly waiting for the notification to be released by the board. However, those contenders can make use of the TS TET model question paper given on our page in their preparation. As there will be a tough competition between the applicants, hope these papers help in scoring marks and getting your dream job.

Telangana State TET Model Papers Free Download

Description Details
Name of the Board Department of School Education, Hyderabad
Exam Name Teacher Eligibility Test
No. of Vacancies Various
Category Previous Papers
Paper 1 Exam Date Update Soon
Paper 2 Exam Date Update Soon
Official site www.tstet.cgg.gov.in

Telangana TET Exam Question Paper Pattern Details

The Telangana government will select the applied candidates based on their performance in the written test. Hence, applicants should prepare well for the examination. Hence, for better preparation, the knowledge of exam pattern and syllabus helps the applicants a lot. The latest and complete TS TET Syllabus 2018-19 is given on our TS TET syllabus page. We advise checking of our page for complete syllabus details and aspirants can also download the syllabus pdf from our page.

The Exam paper for TS TET is going to have questions on child development and pedagogy, languages, mathematics, environmental & other. For complete subjects check the tabular section below. Also, check the number of questions and marks details below.

Telangana State TET Exam Pattern – Paper 1

S.No Subjects Questions Marks
1 Child Development and Pedagogy 30 30
2 Language I 30 30
3 Language II 30 30
4 Mathematics 30 30
5 Environmental Studies 30 30
Total 150 150
  • The Question paper will be of objective type multiple choice type.
  • Candidates will have 150 mins time duration to complete the paper 1 examination.
  • Find the complete topic wise syllabus details in our TS TET Syllabus page.

TS TET Exam Question Paper Pattern – Paper 2

S.No Subjects Questions Marks
1 Child Development & Pedagogy (compulsory) 30 30
2 Language I (compulsory) 30 30
3 Language II (compulsory) 30 30
4 (a) For Mathematics and Science teacher: Mathematics and Science 60 60
4 (b) For Social Studies/Social Science teacher: Social Science
4 (c) For any other teacher: either (a) or (b)
Total 150 150
  • Paper 2 question paper is of objective type multiple choice.
  • Applicants of Maths & Science and Social subjects can find separate papers.
  • The total time duration for paper 2 is 150 mins.

TS TET Previous Year Question Papers

Applied individuals can freely download TS TET previous papers attached from the downloading links given below. Utilize these Telangana TET model papers for enhancing your exam preparation. Candidates can analyze their level of knowledge on the subjects with the help of Telangana TET model papers.

Refer all the TET previous year model question paper given below. These help in understanding the way questions and answers are given in the examination. The paper given is only for reference purpose, hence make use of these papers for reference and prepare well. Practice model paper for better preparation and for scoring marks in the main examination.

TS TET Model with Answers – Free Download Pdf

TS TET Model Papers with Answers PDF 2014 Child Development & Pedagogy
Mathematics & Science
Social
Telangana TET Previous Question Papers 2012 Child Development & Pedagogy
Social
TS State TET Solved Papers Pdf 2011 Child Development & Pedagogy
Maths & Science
Social

Download Last 5 Years OTET Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions Pdf

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 12:47 AM PDT

Are you searching For OTET Previous Year Question Papers Pdf? Then, you are in the right destination. Candidates who are appearing for the OTET Recruitment exam 2020 can find OTET Model Exam Papers for Paper 1 & 2 Subject wise on this page. However, for further details like the exam date, syllabus, exam pattern, etc read below sections of the article. You can also get additional details at the official website.

OTET Previous Year Question Papers Pdf Download

Odisha Teacher Eligibility Test (OTET) Job Notification 2020 is released by the Board of Secondary Education, Odisha. Applicants who have applied for OTET Exam 2020 and searching for OTET Model Question Papers can get it on our page with download links to use it in the preparation of the exam.

since many contenders are applying for bseodisha.ac.in TET exam, you need to work hard to score good marks in the exam. The best way to start the preparation is by downloading the Odisha TET Solved Practice Papers Pdf. Here, we have given the last 10 years OTET  Sample Papers that are frequently asked in the exams. Try to find as many Odisha Teacher Eligibility Test Old Papers as possible which increases chances of cracking the exam successfully.

OTET Exam Papers Details 2020 –  www.bseodisha.ac.in

Description  Details
Board Name Board of Secondary Education, Odisha
Post Name  Odisha Teacher Eligibility Test (OTET)
Vacancies  Various
Category Previous Papers
OTET Exam Date 2020  Update Soon
Job Location  Odisha
OTET Official Website  www.bseodisha.ac.in

OTET Selection Process:

  • Written Exam (Paper 1 & Paper 2)
  • Interview

Odisha TET Exam Question Pattern 2020 | OTET Recruitment Details

Here you can find details of OTET Exam Notification Test Pattern of both Paper 1 & Paper 2. Certainly, check the below table for complete details.

Odisha Teacher Eligibility Test (OTET) Paper 1 Exam Pattern 2020 

Area No of Questions Total Marks
Child Development &
Pedagogy
30 30
Language-I, Odia/ Urdu/
Hindi/ Telugu/ Bengali
30 30
Language-II (English) 30 30
Mathematics 30 30
Environment Studies 30 30
Total 150 150

OTET Paper 2 Exam Pattern 2020

Exam Type Area No of Questions Total Marks
Compulsory Subjects Child Development &
Pedagogy
30 30
Language-I, Odia/ Urdu/
Hindi/ Telugu/ Bengali
30 30
Language-II (English) 30 30
Optional subjects Mathematics & Science 60 60
Social Studies 60 60
  • The exam will be of objective type questions.
  • There will be no negative marking in the exam.

Download OTET Sample Previous Year Question Papers Pdf

Here we have given direct links to download last 5 years Old exam papers that can be downloaded and used to score better in the exam.

OTET Previous Year Papers Download Pdf

2013 Paper 1 Download
2013 Paper 2 Download
2014 Paper 1 Download
2015 Paper 1 Download
2016 Paper 1 Download
2016 paper 2 Download
2017 Paper 1 Download

Check Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus || Meghalaya TET Exam Pattern

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 12:46 AM PDT

Meghalaya TET Syllabus & Exam Pattern

Meghalaya TET Syllabus Details are updated here. To plan the exam preparation strategies, aspirants have to know the exam level, pattern, syllabus. Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Test is a competitive exam, many people will appear for this exam. So the preparation plan is significant to score good marks in the offline written exam. We have provided the important topics essential for the Meghalaya TET Exam. Have a look at this page and prepare smartly to crack the exam. For the guidance of the exam preparing candidates, we have provided the Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Exam Pattern along with the Syllabus details.

Check Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Test Syllabus || Meghalaya TET Exam Pattern

Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Exam – Overview

Name of the Organization
Meghalaya Board of School Education, Directorate of Educational Research and Training (DERT)
Exam Name Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Test (MTET)
 Exam Date   Updated Soon
 Category Syllabus
Job Location Meghalaya
Official Website  mbose.in (or) megeducation.gov.in

Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Test Pattern

Meghalaya TET Exam Pattern – Paper I (Class I to Class V)

Subject Name No.of. Question  Marks Exam Duration
Child Development &
Pedagogy
30 30 02 Hours 30 Minutes
Language I
(Khasi/Garo/Assamese/Bengali
/Hindi/Nepali)
30 30
Language II (English) 30 30
Mathematics 30 30
Environmental Studies 30 30
Total 150   150  

Meghalaya TET Exam Pattern – Paper – II (Class VI to Class VIII)

Subject Name No.of. Question  Marks Exam Duration
Child Development & Pedagogy 30 30 02 Hours 30 Minutes
Language I
(Khasi/Garo/Assamese/Bengali/
Hindi/Nepali)
30 30
Language II
(English)
30 30
Optional Paper
Mathematics & Science
(For Mathematics and Science Teachers)
60 60
Social Studies & Science
(For Social Studies and Science Teachers)
60 60
Total 150   150  

Meghalaya Teacher Eligibility Exam Syllabus

Child Development & Pedagogy Learning and Pedagogy.

  • The concept of development and its relationship with learning,
  • The concept of Inclusive education and understanding children with special needs.
  • Understanding Child Development during Childhood (focus on children at the primary level).
  • Understanding the Learning Process and Learners.
  • Approaches to teaching and learning.
  • Assessment.

Language-I

  • Principles of Teaching English
  • Unseen Prose Passage Comprehensive & Continuous Evaluation
  • Unseen Prose Passage
  • Development of Language Skills
  • Teaching Learning Materials
  • Teaching, Learning Materials

Meghalaya TET Syllabus – Language-II

  •  Modal Auxiliaries
  • Phrasal Verbs
  • Idioms, Literary Terms
  • Unseen Prose Passage
  • Unseen Poem
  • Basic knowledge of English Sounds and their Phonetic Transcription

Mathematics

  •  Problem-solving abilities
  •  Pedagogical understanding of the subjects.

Meghalaya TET Syllabus – Science

  • Food
  • Materials
  • The World of the Living
  • Natural Resources
  • How things work
  • Pedagogy of Science
  • Natural Phenomena.

Social Science

  • Social & Political Life
  • History, Economics
  • Geography
  • Information related to technology
  • Intentions & pedagogical Knowledge.

Meghalaya TET Syllabus – Environmental Science

  •  Natural Resources
  • Our Punjab
  • Solar System
  • Basic
  • needs
  • Food
  • resources and care
  • Our Surroundings
  • Group songs
  • Water
  • Clothes dresses & their care
  • Health
  • good habits & personal hygiene
  • Living and nonliving
  • Looking at the trees
  • plants & animals
  • Parts of plants

Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Papers | Get CB Ambala Old Question Papers Here!!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 12:30 AM PDT

Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Papers can be downloaded here for free by aspirants. All candidates interested in the Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala Previous Year Papers can get it here in the pdf format. You can download the sample papers and exam pattern here. Along with the CB Ambala Previous papers, also find the link to the Cantonment Board Ambala Syllabus. This will make your preparation easier. Understand the syllabus and practice the CB Ambala Model Papers. You can get all the details about the Cantonment Board Ambala Sample Papers before you start to prepare for the exam.
Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Papers | Get CB Ambala Old Question Papers Here!!

Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Papers with Answers Pdf

Candidates can download the Cantonment Board Ambala Old Question Papers in pdf format here. Get the entire details of the CB Ambala Sample papers and download quickly. You only have to click on the previous paper links given below. The Cantonment Board Ambala Limited Exam Pattern has also been made available below. Go through the exam pattern, syllabus and the previous years old question papers to get a complete idea about the Cantonment Board Ambala exam and then start preparing.

Cantonment Board Ambala  Model Papers Pdf

Interested candidates who have applied for the Cantonment Board Ambala exam can find all the model question papers provided here. Check them and download them for free for Cantonment Board Ambala exam 2020. This will help you to prepare well for the exam and score good marks. We have provided a list of previous year question papers for you to start practising. It will also help you to understand the structure of the exam, all the important topics, types of questions asked and other details that are important from the Cantonment Board Ambala exam point of view. For more details, read the sections in this article. You can also visit the official portal of the Cantonment Board Ambala Limited for more details.

Cantonment Board Ambala Practice Papers – Details

Description Details
Organization Name Cantonment Board Ambala
Posts Name Safaiwala
Category Previous Papers
Job Location Haryana
Official website cbambala.org/canttboardrecruit.org

Selection Process:

  • Written Test

Cantonment Board Ambala Exam Pattern 2020

The entire details of the Cantonment Board Ambala exam 2020 is given under this topic. It includes all the details that the candidates need to know.

Cantonment Board Ambala Exam Pattern

The Cantonment Board Ambala exam pattern is given in detail below. The officials will conduct the Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala Exam. The exam will be of Multiple Choice Questions Type. The subjects that the candidates will have to prepare for subjects like General English, Reasoning, Quantitative Aptitude, and General Knowledge. Check the details below for more detailed information. The direct links for Cantonment Board Ambala sample papers are given for you to download for free and prepare well. Practice well for these exams to score well in the exam. Get the Cantonment Board Ambala Syllabus and Exam Pattern Details here.

Cantonment Board Ambala Exam Pattern 2020

 Subject Name Exam Type 
General English Multiple Choice Question
Reasoning
Quantitative Aptitude
General Knowledge

Download Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Year Question Papers Pdf

Here we have provided the Cantonment Board Ambala Previous Papers for candidates who want to prepare for the exam. By preparing well you can secure very good marks in the exam. You can find the direct link here to download the Cantonment Board Ambala model papers. These papers are as per the exam pattern making it easier for candidates to prepare. Download the part wise old question papers of Cantonment Board Ambala exam below.

Subject Name Previous Papers
Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala Sample Question Papers for General English Get Old Question Papers Here
Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala Reasoning Old Question Papers Get Old Question Papers Here
Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala Quantitative Aptitude Previous Question Papers Get Old Question Papers Here
NLC Cantonment Board Ambala Safaiwala General Knowledge Model Question Paper Get Old Question Papers Here

Candidates, please remember that the papers that are given above for CB Ambala are Previous Papers/ sample papers only. They are only for reference use. All interested candidates can download the subject wise exam papers for free. Prepare well for the exams by practising these papers and referring to the Cantonment Board Ambala Syllabus also. This will help you score better marks in the exam.

Bihar TET Previous Papers | Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test Question Papers

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 11:57 PM PDT

Bihar TET Previous Papers with Answers Pdf is available here. So, candidates can download the old Bihar TET Question Papers for free. Aspirants can also get the Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test Old Papers @ biharboardonline.bihar.gov.in for the better exam preparation.

Bihar TET Question Papers

You will find the entire details of the Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test and exam pattern here. On this page, we have enclosed the links for Bihar STET Model Papers with Solutions for free download. Hence, applied candidates can freely download those papers to boost up their preparation. All the Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test Exam Papers are given in pdf format. Therefore, you can download the Last Year Papers in just single click.Bihar TET Previous Papers | Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test Question Papers

Interested candidates who have applied for the Bihar TET exam can find all the model question papers provided here. Check them and download them for free for Bihar TET exam 2020. This will help you to prepare well for the exam and score good marks. We have provided a list of previous year question papers for you to start practising. It will also help you to understand the structure of the exam, all the important topics, types of questions asked and other details that are important from the Bihar TET exam point of view. For more details, read the sections in this article. You can also visit the official portal of the Bihar TET Limited for more details.

Bihar TET Previous Papers | biharboardonline.bihar.gov.in

Name of the Board Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB)
Test Name Secondary Teachers Eligibility Test (Bihar STET
Category Previous Papers
Official website biharboardonline.bihar.gov.in

Selection Type:

  • Written Test

Bihar TET Model Papers | Bihar TET Syllabus

The Bihar State Education Board will select the applicants for the Teacher Posts on the basis of their performance in the written test. As we know that a huge number of candidates have applied for this recruitment, the competition is very high. So, applicants must perform well in the examination. For a thorough preparation, candidates must solve the Bihar TET Solved Question Papers. These papers are very helpful for getting more marks in the exam. For the perfect preparation, candidates must prepare each and every topic in the prescribed syllabus. By referring the syllabus, the applicants will know which topics to study for the examination. Here, we have updated the Syllabus pdf link. Hence, download the syllabus and finish all topics preparation. After overall preparation, solve Bihar TET Sample Papers for analyzing your performance.

Bihar TET Old Question Papers & Exam Pattern 2020

The candidates who applied for the Bihar TET Notification can download the Bihar TET Previous Question Papers from the attached links. These exam papers play a vital role in exam preparation and help to improve your problem-solving skills. By solving various numbers of Bihar Teacher Eligibility Test Old Papers, you will understand which questions to answer first and last. So that you can manage time and can answer all the questions in the time limit. The exam will be conducted in 2 parts. The first paper will be conducted for 150 marks. There will be 150 questions in total. The subjects the candidates will have to prepare for are Teaching Techniques and other Eligibility (Reasoning) or GK and other Eligibility (for Computer Science) and Specified Subject related questions. The second paper will have 100 questions. The test will be conducted for 100 marks. The subjects that the candidates will have to prepare for are General Knowledge and Specified Subject related questions. Get the entire details below.

Bihar TET Paper I:

Subject Name Questions Marks
Specified Subject 100 100
Teaching Techniques and other Eligibility (Reasoning) or GK and other Eligibility (for Computer Science) 50 50
Total 150 Questions 150 Marks

Bihar TET Paper 2:

Subject Name Questions Marks
General Knowledge 50 50
Specified Subject 50 50
Total 100 Questions 100 Marks

Free Download Bihar TET Exam Solved Question Papers PDF

The applicants can get the Bihar TET Exam Papers from the enclosed free downloading links. These old question papers are given only for the purpose of reference. Hence, aspirants who downloaded the Bihar TET Previous Papers must utilize those papers for practising and to test their capability. For any information regarding the Teacher Eligibility Test, check the official site biharboardonline.bihar.gov.in. Get all the previous papers below. You can also get the Bihar TET Syllabus Here.

Subject Name Previous Papers
Bihar STET English Sample Papers PDF Download Here
Bihar STET Hindi Previous Question Papers PDF Download Here
Bihar STET Physics Model Papers PDF Download Here
Bihar STET Chemistry Sample Question Papers PDF Download Here
Bihar STET Child Development & Pedagogy Old Question Papers PDF Download Here
PSEB Master Cadre Teacher Mathematics Model Papers PDF Download Here

IELTS

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 08:19 PM PDT

IELTS


Bilingualism in Children, Changing Rules for Health Treatment, The Romantic Poets – Reading Answers

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Section 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Bilingualism in Children

A

One misguided legacy of over a hundred years of writing on bilingualism1 is that children’s . intelligence will suffer if they are bilingual. Some of the earliest research into bilingualism examined whether bilingual children were ahead or behind monolingual2 children on IQ tests. From the 1920s through to the 1960s, the tendency was to find monolingual children ahead of bilinguals on IQ tests. The conclusion was that bilingual children were mentally confused. Having two languages in the brain, it was said, disrupted effective thinking. It was argued that having one well-developed language was superior to having two half-developed languages.

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B

The idea that bilinguals may have a lower IQ still exists among many people, particularly monolinguals. However, we now know that this early research was misconceived and incorrect. First, such research often gave bilinguals an IQ test in their weaker language – usually English. Had bilinguals been tested in Welsh or Spanish or Hebrew, a different result may have been found. The testing of bilinguals was thus unfair. Second, like was not compared with like. Bilinguals tended to come from, for example, impoverished New York or rural Welsh backgrounds. The monolinguals tended to come from more middle class, urban families. Working class bilinguals were often compared with middle class monolinguals. So the results were more likely to be due to social class differences than language differences. The comparison of monolinguals and bilinguals was unfair.

C

The most recent research from Canada, the United States and Wales suggests that bilinguals are, at least, equal to monolinguals on IQ tests. When bilinguals have two well- developed languages (in the research literature called balanced bilinguals), bilinguals tend to show a slight superiority in IQ tests compared with monolinguals. This is the received psychological wisdom of the moment and is good news for raising bilingual children. Take, for example, a child who can operate in either language in the curriculum in the school. That child is likely to be ahead on IQ tests compared with similar (same gender, social class and age) monolinguals. Far from making people mentally confused, bilingualism is now associated with a mild degree of intellectual superiority.

D

One note of caution needs to be sounded. IQ tests probably do not measure intelligence. IQ tests measure a small sample of the broadest concept of intelligence. IQ tests are simply paper and pencil tests where only’right and wrong’answers are allowed. Is all intelligence summed up in such right and wrong, pencil and paper tests? Isn’t there a wider variety of intelligences that are important in everyday functioning and everyday life?

E

Many questions need answering. Do wc only define an intelligent person as somebody who obtains a high score on an IQ test? Are the only intelligent people those who belong to high IQ organisations such as MENSA? Is there social intelligence, musical intelligence, military intelligence, marketing intelligence, motoring intelligence, political intelligence? Are all, or indeed any, of these forms of intelligence measured by a simple pencil and paper IQ test which demands a single, acceptable, correct solution to each question? Defining what constitutes intelligent behaviour requires a personal value judgement as to what type of behaviour, and what kind of person is of more worth.

F

The current state of psychological wisdom about bilingual children is that, where two languages are relatively well developed, bilinguals have thinking advantages over monolinguals.Take an example. A child is asked a simple question: How many uses can you think offer a brick? Some children give two or three answers only. They can think of building walls, building a house and perhaps that is all. Another child scribbles away, pouring out ideas one after the other: blocking up a rabbit hole, breaking a window, using as a bird bath, as a plumb line, as an abstract sculpture in an art exhibition.

G

Research across different continents of the world shows that bilinguals tend to be more fluent, flexible, original and elaborate in their answers to this type of open-ended question. The person who can think of a few answers tends to be termed a convergent thinker.They converge onto a few acceptable conventional answers. People who think of lots of different uses for unusual items (e.g. a brick, tin can, cardboard box) are called divergers. Divergers like a variety of answers to a question and are imaginative and fluent in their thinking.

H

There are other dimensions in thinking where approximately’balanced’ bilinguals may have temporary and occasionally permanent advantages over monolinguals: increased sensitivity to communication, a slightly speedier movement through the stages of cognitive development, and being less fixed on the sounds of words and more centred on the meaning of words. Such ability to move away from the sound of words and fix on the meaning of words tends to be a (temporary) advantage for bilinguals around the ages four to six This advantage may mean an initial head start in learning to read and learning to think about language.

bilingualism: the ability to speak two languages

monolingual: using or speaking only one language

Questions 1-3

Complete the sentences.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

1  For more than______________________________ , books and articles were wrong about

the intelligence of bilingual children.

2  For approximately 40 years, there was a mistaken belief that children who spoke two

languages were_____________________________ .

3  It was commonly thought that people with a single were more effective thinkers.

Questions 4-9

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.

List of Headings

i  No single definition of intelligence

ii  Faulty testing, wrong conclusion

iii  Welsh research supports IQ testing

iv  Beware: inadequate for Lesling intelligence

v  International research supports bilingualism

vi  Current thought on the advantage bilinguals have

vii  Early beliefs regarding bilingualism

viii  Monolinguals ahead of their bilingual peers

ix  Exemplifying the bilingual advantage

 

Example Paragraph A vii
4 Paragraph B  
5 Paragraph C  
6 Paragraph D  
7 Paragraph E  
8 Paragraph F  
9 Paragraph G  

Questions 10-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? Write

TRUE                    if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                  if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN        if there is no information on this

10  Balanced bilinguals have more permanent than temporary advantages over monolinguals.

11  Often bilinguals concentrate more on the way a word sounds than on its meaning.

12  Monolinguals learn to speak at a younger age than bilinguals.

13  Bilinguals just starting school might pick up certain skills faster than monolinguals.

Section 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading

Passage 2 below.

Changing Rules for Health Treatment

People who are grossly overweight, who smoke heavily or drink excessively could be denied surgery or drugs.The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which advises on the clinical and cost effectiveness of treatments for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, said that in some cases the’self-inflicted’ nature of an illness should be taken into account.

NICE stressed that people should not be discriminated against by doctors simply because they smoked or were overweight. Its ruling should apply only if the treatment was likely to be less effective, or not work because of an unhealthy habit The agency also insisted that its decision was not an edict for the whole NHS but guidance for its own appraisal committees when reaching judgements on new drugs or procedures. But the effect is likely to be the same.

NICE is a powerful body and the cause of much controversy. It is seen by some as a new way of rationing NHS treatment Across the UK, primary care trusts (PCTs) regularly wait for many months for a NICE decision before agreeing to fund a new treatment. One group of primary care trusts is ahead of NICE. Three PCTs in east Suffolk have already decided that obese people would not be entitled to have hip or knee replacements unless they lost weight The group said the risks of operating on them were greater, the surgery may be less successful and the joints would wear out sooner. It was acknowledged that the decision would also save money.

NICE said no priority should be given to patients based on income, social class or social roles at different ages when considering the cost effectiveness of a treatment. Patients should not be discriminated against on the grounds of age either, unless age has a direct relevance to the condition. NICE has already ruled that IVF should be available on the NHS to women aged 23 to 39 as the treatment has less chance of success in older women. It also recommends that flu drugs should be available to over-65s, as older people are more vulnerable.

But NICE also said that if self-inflicted factors meant that drugs or treatment would be less clinically and cost effective, this may need to be considered when producing advice for the NHS. They state that If the self-inflicted cause of the condition will influence the likely outcome of a particular treatment, then it may be appropriate to take this into account in some circumstances.’They acknowledge that it can be difficult to decide whether an illness such as a heart attack was self-inflicted in a smoker. ‘A patient’s individual circumstances may only be taken into account when there will be an impact on the clinical and cost effectiveness of the treatment’

Prof Sir Michael Rawlins, the chairman of NICE, said: ‘On age we are very clear – our advisory groups should not make recommendations that depend on people’s ages when they are considering the use of a particular treatment unless there is clear evidence of a difference in its effectiveness for particular age groups. Even then, age should only be mentioned when it provides the only practical ‘marker1 of risk or benefit NICE values people, equally, at all ages.’

But Steve Webb, the Liberal Democrat health spokesman, said there was a danger of primary care trusts following the same course of action. There is no excuse for cash-strapped hospitals denying treatment to people whose lifestyle they disapprove of/ he said. Treatment decisions involving people’s lifestyle should be based on clinical reasons, not grounds of cost The NHS is there to keep people healthy, not to sit in judgement on individual lifestyles.’

A spokesman for NICE said: ‘We want to reassure people that in producing our guidance we are not going to take into consideration whether or not a particular condition was or is self-inflicted. The only circumstances where that may be taken into account is where that treatment may be less effective because of lifestyle choices.’

Jonathan Ellis, the policy manager at Help the Aged, said it was pleased NICE had finally shown an understanding of the importance of tackling age discrimination.’While this is a major feat, there is still some way to go to banish the evident inherent age discrimination that exists within health care services,’he said.The NHS now has much to leam. It will ensure a fairer deal all round for older people using the NHS.’

Questions 14-16

Choose THREE letters A-H.

NB Your answers may be given in any order.

Which THREE of the following statements are true of NICE, according to the text?

A It feels that people with bad health habits should not receive treatment.

B It is an agency that offers advice to the NHS.

C Some of the reports they produce discriminate against the elderly.

D It insists its decision should only be applicable in certain situations.

E It is an agency that controls all NHS policy regarding treatments.

F Its powers are not as extensive as those of the NHS.

G Many PCTs base their decisions concerning funding on ones made by NICE. H It has made a statement that overweight people will not receive new joints.

Questions 17-19

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

17  NICE argues that

A rich people should not be given special consideration over the poor.

B only patients from certain classes should be considered for treatmen

C social roles should be considered when deciding treatment.

D cost of treatment would depend on patients' income.

18  What recommendations has NICE made?

A to provide older women with IVF treatments

B to make flu drugs accessible to women under 40

C to give people between 23-39 flu drugs

D to allow certain women to have 1 VF treatments

19  NICE admits that

A some drugs used by the NHS were not clinically effective.

B their advice is sometimes ignored by the NHS.

C it is often hard to determine if a patient has caused his or her condition.

D they are more concerned about cost effectiveness than patients.


Questions 20-26

Look at the following statements (Questions 20-26) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person A-C.

20  This person was happy that-NICE realised age discrimination needed dealing with.

21  This person holds a very high position in the NICE agency.

22  This person is a member of a political party.

23  This person says their policy regarding age is precise and easy to understand.

24  This person does not agree with the position taken by NICE.

25  This person feels the NHS must further improve its relations with the elderly.

26  This person says that NICE does not discriminate on the grounds of age.

A Michael Rawlins
B Steve Webb
C Jonathan Ellis

 

Section 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

The Romantic Poets

One of the most evocative eras in the history of poetry must surely be that of the Romantic Movement. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a group of poets created a new mood in literary objectives, casting off their predecessors’ styles in favour of a gripping and forceful art which endures with us to this day.

Five poets emerged as the main constituents of this movement – William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. The strength of their works lies undoubtedly in the power of their imagination. Indeed, imagination was the most critical attribute of the Romantic poets. Each poet had the ability to portray remarkable images and visions, although differing to a certain degree in their intensity and presentation. Nature, mythology and emotion were of great importance and were used to explore the feelings of the poet himself.

The lives of the poets often overlapped and tragedy was typical in most of them. Byron was born in London in 1788. The family moved to Aberdeen soon after, where Byron was brought up until he inherited the family seat of Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire from his great uncle. He graduated from Cambridge University in 1808 and left England the following year to embark on a tour of the Mediterranean. During this tour, he developed a passion for Greece which would later lead to his death in 1824. He left for Switzerland in 1816 where he was introduced to Shelley.

Shelley was bom to a wealthy family in 1792. He was educated at Eton and then went on to Oxford. Shelley was not happy in England, where his colourful lifestyle and unorthodox beliefs made him unpopular with the establishment In 1818 he left for Italy, where he was reunited with Byron. However, the friendship was tragically brought to an end in July 1822, when Shelley was drowned in a boating accident off the Italian coast. In somewhat dramatic form, Shelley’s body was cremated on the beach, witnessed by a small group of friends, including Byron.

Historically, Shelley and Byron are considered to have been the most outspoken and radical of the Romantic poets. By contrast, Wordsworth appears to have been of a pleasant and acceptable personality, even receiving the status of Poet Laureate in 1843. He was born in 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumbria. By the time he entered his early teens, both his parents had died. As he grew older, Wordsworth developed a passion for writing.

In 1798 Wordsworth published a collection of poems with Coleridge, whom he had met, a few years earlier, when he settled in Somerset with his sister Dorothy. He married in 1802 and, as time passed, he deserted his former political views and became increasingly acceptable to popular society. Indeed, at the time of his death in the spring of 1850, he had become one of the most sought-after poets of his time.

Wordsworth shared some of the years at Dove Cottage in Somerset with his friend and poetical contemporary, Coleridge. Coleridge was born in Devon in 1772. He was a bright young scholar but never achieved the same prolific output of his fellow Romantic poets. In 1804 he left for a position in Malta for three years. On his return he separated from his wife and went to live with the Wordsworths, where he produced a regular periodical.

With failing health, he later moved to London. In 1816 he went to stay with a doctor and his family. He remained with them until his death in 1834. During these latter years, his poetry was abandoned for other forms of writing equally outstanding in their own right.

Perhaps the most tragic of the Romantic poets was Keats. Keats was born in London in 1795. Similar to Wordsworth, both his parents had died by his eariy teens. He studied as a surgeon, qualifying in 1816. However, poetry was his great passion and he decided to devote himself to writing. For much of his adult life Keats was in poor health and fell gravely ill in early 1820. He knew he was dying and in the September of that year he left for Rome hoping that the more agreeable climate might ease his suffering. Keats died of consumption in February 1821 at the age of twenty-five.

It is sad that such tragedy often accompanies those of outstanding artistic genius. We can only wonder at the possible outcome had they all lived to an old age. Perhaps even Byron and Shelley would have mellowed with the years, like Wordsworth. However, the contribution to poetry by all five writers is immeasurable. They introduced the concepts of individualism and imagination, allowing us to explore our own visions of beauty without retribution. We are not now required to restrain our thoughts and poetry to that of the socially acceptable.

Questions 27-32

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

Write

TRUE                     if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                    if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN          if there is no information on this

27  The Romantic Movement lasted for more than a century.

28  The Romantic poets adopted a style dissimilar to that of poets who had come before them.

29  Unfortunately, the works of the Romantics had no lasting impression on art.

30  The Romantics had no respect for any style of poetry apart from their own.

31  The Romantics were gifted with a strong sense of imagination.

32  Much of the Romantics' poetry was inspired by the natural world.

Questions 33-39

Complete the table below

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

 
  Date of birth Education  
Byron 1788 Cambridge University went on a journey around; came to love 34………………
Shelley 1972 Eton and Oxford University some people disapproved of 35……….. and the beliefs he held
Wordsworth 1770   became more accepted when he changed his 36………….
Coleridge 1772 bright scholar his 37 ………….was smaller than the other Romantic poets'; left the Wordsworths due to 38………….
Keats 1795 qualified as a surgeon left England for a change of 39…………

Question 40

Complete the sentence.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for the answer.

40 According to the writer, the Romantic poets left us with the ideas of……………………….

ANSWER KEY FOR IELTS READING PRACTICE TEST

1  a hundred years/100 years

2  mentally confused/behind monolingual children

3  (well-developed) language

4  ii

5  vi

6  iv

7  i

8  ix

9  v

10  FALSE because it says in the last paragraph: '”balanced” bilinguals may have temporary and occasionally permanent advantages over monolinguals>.

11  FALSE because it says in the last paragraph: 'being less fixed on the sounds of words and more centred on the meaning of words’

12  NOT GIVEN

13  TRUE because it says in the last paragraph: 'This advantage may mean an initial head start in learning to read and learning to think about language' 14-16 (in any order)

14  B because it says in paragraph 1: which advises on the clinical and cost effectiveness of treatments for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK’.

15  D because it says in paragraph 2: ‘Its ruling should apply only if the treatment was likely to be less effective, or not work because of an unhealthy habit.’

16  G because it says in paragraph 3: 'Across the UK, primary care trusts (PCTs) regularly wait for many months for a NICE decision before agreeing to fund a new treatment’

17  A because it says in paragraph 4: 'no priority should be given to patients based on income'

18  D because it says in paragraph 4: 'NICE has already ruled that IVF should be available on the NHS to women aged 23 to 39′.

19  C because it says in paragraph 5: 'They acknowledge that it can be difficult to decide whether an illness such as a heart attack was self-inflicted in a smoker.'

20  C because it says in the last paragraph: 'Jonathan Ellis, the policy manager at Help the Aged, said it was pleased NICE had finally shown an understanding of the importance of tackling age discrimination.'

21  A because it says in paragraph 6: 'Prof Sir Michael Rawlins, the chairman of NICE'

22  B because it says in paragraph 7: 'Steve Webb, the Liberal Democrat health spokesman' The Liberal Democrats are a political party in the UK.

23  A because it says in paragraph 6: 'On age we are very clear'.

24  B because it says in paragraph 7: 'There is no excuse for cash- strapped hospitals denying treatment to people whose lifestyle they disapprove of'.

25  C because it says in the last paragraph: 'The NHS now has much to learn. It will ensure a fairer deal all round for older people using the NHS.'

26  A because it says in paragraph 6: 'NICE values people, equally, at all ages.'

27  FALSE because it says in paragraph 1: ‘During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

28  TRUE because it says in paragraph 1: casting off their predecessors styles in favour of a gripping and forceful art‘.

29  FALSE because it says in paragraph 1: a gripping and forceful art which endures with us to this day‘.

30  NOT GIVEN

31  TRUE because it says in paragraph 2, ‘Indeed, imagination was the most critical attribute of the Romantic poets.5

32  TRUE because it says in paragraph 2: 'Nature, mythology and emotion were of great importance.

33  (the) Mediterranean

34  Greece

35  his (colourful) lifestyle

36  political views

37  output

38  failing health

39  climate

40  individualism and imagination, because it says in the last paragraph: ‘They introduced the concept of individualism and imagination.

Continue with..Practice Test 34

ELTS Writing Task 2 Test On 8th September With Band 8.0-9.0 Sample – topic : Unemployment

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Task 2: In countries where there is high unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who will have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Essay Plan:

• Introduction: (1) refer to the task question (2) my opinion: this argument is too narrow -1 completely disagree
• Paragraph 2: 1st reason for my opinion: the job market is unpredictable -example: technology replaces jobs but also creates new employment opportunities

• Paragraph 3: 2nd reason: the real aim of education is to help people to think critically- this produces informed and responsible citizens

• Conclusion: the job market is volatile, and the real role of education cannot be neglected – to develop critical skills

Also check: IELTS Writing Task 2

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Essay:

It is true that in countries which are suffering from high rates of unemployment, it seems hardly worthwhile to offer education beyond primary level to most pupils. While I accept that this appears logical, I believe that this is a very narrow perspective, and I completely disagree with the statement.

Firstly, the prediction of upturns and downturns in the job market is extremely difficult. At one period there may be a demand for workers in many sectors of a country's economy. Wages are high, and the education system needs to prepare large numbers of students up to and beyond secondary school level, with the skills to meet the needs of employers. For example, while technology is replacing many traditional jobs in such areas as agriculture, transport and heavy industry, it is also creating new jobs in other sectors. Thus, in economic terms, it is almost impossible to say how many highly-educated young people will be required for a nation's workforce.

Secondly, I contend that the purpose of education is much more fundamental than simply to prepare young people for the world of work. Education is nothing less than the acquisition of lifelong skills in thinking critically about all aspects of life. At its best, secondary education plays an essential part of helping young people to develop these critical skills. If the citizens of a country are informed and enlightened, problems such as

a welfare system or the distribution of wealth can be intelligently debated. Without mass education to this level, a country can have no responsible citizens.

In conclusion, although in today's volatile global economy, any country's employment situation is subject to rapid changes, the intangible but real objectives of education dictate that young people should be educated to at least secondary level.

294 words

Vocabulary:

• worthwhile [adjective]:

Meaning: important and worth spending time, effort or money on doing Example: The high price of dental treatment makes it worthwhile to look after your teeth by brushing them regularly.

• upturns and downturns [nouns]:
Meaning: a situation in which things either improve or get worse over a period of time

Example: They have supported Real Madrid through all the upturns and downtumsjn the club's fortunes.

• the job market [expression]:

Meaning: the number of jobs that are available

Example: Why don't you do a degree in engineering? I hear that the job market in this field is very good at the moment.

• to meet the needs of [expression]:

Meaning: the things that somebody requires for a particular purpose

Example: The course is designed to meet the needs of students who have hearing difficulties.

• heavy industry [noun]:
Meaning: the production of goods using heavy and powerful machines Example: The UK no longer has heavy industries, such as shipbuilding or steelmaking.

• workforce [noun]:

Meaning: the people who work for companies or organisations

Example: In Germany in 1932, almost 44% of the workforce were unemployed.

• the world of work [expression]:

Meaning: employment in general

Example: She decided to leave school at the age of 16 and enter the world of work_to support her parents.

• to be nothing less than [expression]:

Meaning: used to emphasise how great or extreme something is Example: The decision to ignore global warming is nothing less than irresponsible and dangerous.

• acquisition [noun]:

Meaning: the act of getting something, such as knowledge or skills Example: She is studying the acquisition of language by young children as part of her course.

• critical skills [noun]:
Meaning: the ability to make careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of something

Example: Students are encouraged to develop critical skills, not simply to accept the ideas of others.

• welfare system [noun]:
Meaning: a system by which a government provides a range of free services to people who need them

Example: Sweden has a welfare system which includes care for the elderly, free medical services and financial support for the unemployed.

• the distribution of wealth [expression]:
Meaning: the way that goods or money is shared among a particular group of people.

Example: In the USA, the distribution of wealth is resulting in a small section of the population owning most of the property.

• citizenship [noun]:

Meaning: the state of being a citizen of a country and accepting the responsibilities of a citizen

Example: Schools should provide the type of education that prepares young people for the responsibilities of citizenship.

• volatile [adjective]:

Meaning: unstable and likely to change suddenly

Example: The economic crisis caused a volatile political situation, with riots in the streets.

• to be subject to [expression]:

Meaning: to be likely to experience something

Example: Japan is particularly subject to storms in the autumn.

• intangible [adjective]:

Meaning: that exists, but is difficult to describe or measure

Explain: The forest had an intangible atmosphere of danger, perhaps because it was so dark.

ELTS Writing Task 2 Test On 18th August With Band 8.0-9.0 Sample

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Task 2: In the modern world it is possible to shop, work and communicate with people via the internet and live without any face-to-face contact with others. Is this a positive or negative development?

Essay Plan:

• Introduction: (1) refer to the statement in the question (2) state that you think there are both positive and negative aspects of this trend

• Paragraph 2: the internet is useful (1) friends – easy to keep in touch (2) shopping – save time and petrol, look for bargains online (3) work – own working hours, avoid commuting

• Paragraph 3: people need face-to-face contact (1) false virtual friendships -e.g. paedophiles (2) clothes, books – better to buy in shops (3) work – personal contact with colleagues – creativity, avoid misunderstandings

• Conclusion: there are both positive and negative aspects.

Also check: IELTS Writing Task 2

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Essay:

It is true that in contemporary life people in many parts of the world are able to do their shopping, work and communicate with each other via the internet. While there are clear positive aspects of this trend, there are also negative aspects of having less face-to-face contact with other people.

On the one hand, the internet can be very handy in many ways. Many people use it to keep in touch with friends and family, using Facebook, Skype or What's App to send instant messages or to enjoy a quick chat. Many also use the internet for online shopping, thus saving time and petrol on trips to the supermarket as well as hunting around different sites for bargains. However, it is in terms of work that the internet offers the most potential benefits. More and more people are working or even studying from home, at hours which suit their own schedules. Many hours are saved each week by eliminating the daily commute and the stress of coping with the rush hour.

On the other hand, as social beings, people need personal contacts. Firstly, virtual friendships which are formed online may not be genuine. The media carries many horror stories of youngsters who have fallen prey to paedophiles, for example. Secondly, online shopping is not always appropriate, depending on the item. It is best, for instance, to try on clothes before buying, and while a bookworm can find almost any book title that they want online, they will certainly miss browsing the shelves of bookstores. Finally, personal interaction with work colleagues can generate ideas and avoid misunderstandings.

In conclusion, although there are positive aspects of this trend, there are also aspects of face-to-face contact which it would be a shame to lose.

292 words.

Vocabulary:

• contemporary [adjective]:

Meaning: belonging to the present time

Example: Life in contemporary Britain is much easier now than it was for previous generations.

• handy [adjective]:

Meaning: convenient

Example: I live next door to a supermarket, so it's very handy if I need to do some shopping.

• to keep in touch with [expression]:

Meaning: to communicte with somebody regularly

Example: I keep in touch with my sister by Skype or sending e-mails.

• to hunt around [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to look for something that is difficult to find

Example: They have been hunting around for a flat for at least six months.

• bargain [noun]:

Meaning: a thing bought for less than the usual price

Example: These shoes were half-price in the shop, and I bought them because they were such a bargain.

• schedule [noun]:

Meaning: a list of things that you have to do at certain times

Example: Even people who work from home need to follow a schedule to

complete all the tasks that they need to do.

• to eliminate [verb]:

Meaning: to remove or get rid of something

Example: People with diabetes must eliminate sugar from their diet.

• to cope with [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to deal successfully with something

Example: It is difficult to cope with a job and to study at the same time.

• the rush hour [noun]:

Meaning: the time (usually twice a day) when the roads are full of traffic and the trains and buses are crowded, because people are travelling to and from work. Example: In Paris, it is impossible to find a seat on the Metro during the rush hour.

• social beings [noun]:

Meaning: people who like to be in the company of others

Example: As social beings, we find it difficult to live in isolation for long periods of time.

• to fall prey to [expression]:

Meaning: to be harmed or affected by something bad

Example: Unemployed and homeless, he fell prey to drinking heavily.

• paedophile [noun]:

Meaning: a person who sexually abuses children

Example: Parents must warn their children that paedophiles on the internet often adopt a false identity.

• to try on [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to test a piece of clothing to see if it fits

Example: These shoes look very smart – try them on to see if they are the right size for you.

• bookworm [noun]:

Meaning: a person who likes reading very much

Example: Sarah is a real bookworm, and I never see her without a book in her hand.

English Pronunciation in Use (Intermediate Edition) by Mark Hancock

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

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The best-selling English Pronunciation in Use is a comprehensive reference and practice book suitable for self-study or classroom work.

Sixty easy-to-use units cover all aspects of pronunciation, including individual sounds, word stress, connected speech and intonation. Each unit is supported by audio material in range of accents, available on audio CD or cassette. An additional reference section offers a glossary of specialized terms, help with the pronunciation of numbers and geographical names and fun exercises on phonemic symbols and minimal pairs. The CD-ROM provides a wide variety of additional interactive activities to reinforce the pronunciation covered in the book, as well as tests, progress checks, games and animated diagrams of the mouth showing learners how to produce individual sounds. Students can also record themselves and compare their pronunciation with one of the many models provided.

Key features

  • 60 easy-to-use units: key pronunciation points are presented on left-hand pages with a range of exercises on facing right-hand pages.
  • Audio material offers a clear model for learners to listen, repeat and practise their own pronunciation.
  • Self-diagnostic tests help learners identify and focus on their own pronunciation problems.
  • Additional reference section includes a learner-friendly answer key, fun exercises to practise phonemic symbols, a guide for speakers of specific languages, exercises on minimal pairs and a glossary of specialized terms.

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The Flavour Industry, Austerity Measures – Reading

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage I below.

The way in which information is taught can vary greatly across cultures and time periods. Entering a British primary school classroom from the early 1900s, for example, one gains a sense of austerity, discipline, and a rigid way of teaching. Desks are typically seated apart from one another, with straight-backed wooden chairs that face directly to the teacher and the chalkboard. In the present day, British classrooms look very different. Desks are often grouped together so that students face each other rather than the teacher, and a large floor area is typically set aside for the class to come together for group discussion and learning.

Also check: 

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Traditionally, it was felt that teachers should be in firm control of the learning process, and that the teacher's task was to prepare and present material for students to understand. Within this approach, the relationship students have with their teachers is not considered important, nor is the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student's participation in class is likely to be minimal, aside from asking questions directed at the teacher, or responding to questions that the teacher has directed at the student. This style encourages students to develop respect for positions of power as a source of control and discipline. It is frequently described as the "formal authority" model of teaching.

A less rigid form of teacher-centred education is the "demonstrator” model. This maintains the formal authority model's notion of the teacher as a "flashlight" who illuminates the material for his or her class to learn, but emphasises a more individualized approach to form. The demonstrator acts as both a role model and a guide, demonstrating skills and processes and then helping students develop and apply these independently. Instructors who are drawn to the demonstrator style are generally confident that their own way of performing a task represents a good base model, but they are sensitive to differing learning styles and expect to provide students with help on an individual basis.

Many education researchers argue for student-centred learning instead, and suggest that the learning process is more successful when students are in control. Within the student-centred paradigm, the "delegator” style is popular. The delegator teacher maintains general authority, but they delegate much of the responsibility for learning to the class as a way for students to become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often encouraged to work on their own or in groups, and if the delegator style is implemented successfully, they will build not only a working knowledge of course specific topics, but also self-discipline and the ability to co-ordinate group work and interpersonal roles.

Another style that emphasises student-centred education is the "facilitator" mode of learning. Here, while a set of specific curriculum demands is already in place, students are encouraged to take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements together. The teacher typically designs activities that encourage active learning, group collaboration, and problem solving, and students are encouraged to process and apply the course content in creative and original ways. Whereas the delegator style emphasises content and the responsibility students can have for generating and directing their own knowledge base, the facilitator style emphasises form and the fluid and diverse possibilities that are available in the process of learning.

Until the 1960s, formal authority was common in almost all Western schools and universities. As a professor would enter a university lecture theatre, a student would be expected to rush up, take his bag to the desk, and pull out the chair for the professor to sit down on. This style has become outmoded over time. Now at university, students and professors typically have more relaxed, collegiate relationships, address each other on a first name basis, and acknowledge that students have much to contribute in class. Teacher-centred education has a lingering appeal in the form of the demonstrator style, however, which remains useful in subjects where skills must be demonstrated to an external standard and the learning process remains fixed in the earlier years of education. A student of mathematics, sewing or metalwork will likely be familiar with the demonstrator style. At the highest levels of education, however, the demonstrator approach must be abandoned in all fields as students are required to produce innovative work that makes unique contributions to knowledge. Thesis and doctoral students lead their own research in facilitation with supervisors.

The delegator style is valuable when the course is likely to lead students to careers that require group projects. Often, someone who has a high level of expertise in a particular field does not make for the best employee because they have not learnt to apply their abilities in a co-ordinated manner. The delegator style confronts this problem by recognizing that interpersonal communication is not just a means to learning but an important skill set in itself. The facilitator model is probably the most creative model, and is, therefore, not suited to subjects where the practical component necessitates a careful and highly disciplined manner, such as training to be a medical practitioner. It may, however, suit more experimental and theoretical fields ranging from English, music, and the social sciences to science and medical research that takes place in research labs. In these areas, "mistakes" in form are important and valuable aspects of the learning and development process.

Overall, a clear evolution has taken place in the West from a rigid, dogmatic, and teacher- dominated way of learning to a flexible, creative, and student-centred approach. Nevertheless, different subjects, ages, and skill levels suit different styles of teaching, and it is unlikely that there will ever be one recommended approach for everyone.

Questions 1-8: 

Look at the following statements (Questions 1-8) and the styles of teaching below. Match each statement with the correct teaching style, A -D.

Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1. The emphasis is on students directing the learning process.

2. The teacher shows the class how to do something, then students try it on their own.

3. Student-teacher interaction and student student interaction is limited.

4. The emphasis is on the process of solving problems together.

5. Students arc expected to adjust to the teacher's way of presenting information.

6. The teacher designs group activities that encourage constructive interaction.

7. Time is set aside for one-on-one instruction between teacher and student

8. Group and individual work is encouraged independently of the teacher.

List of Teaching Styles

A. Formal authority

B. Demonstrator

C. Delegator

D. Facilitator

Questions 9-12: 

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE                             if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                            if the statement contradicts with the information

NOT GIVEN                  if there is no information on this

9. The formal authority model remains popular in educational institutions of the West

10. The demonstrator model is never used at tertiary level.

11. Graduates of delegator style teaching are good communicators.

12. The facilitator style is not appropriate in the field of medicine.

Question 13:

 Choose the correct letter. A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.

13. What is the best title for Reading Passage 1 ?

A Teaching styles and their application

B. Teaching: then and now

C. When students become teachers

D. Why student-centred learning is best

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

THE FLAVOUR INDUSTRY

A. Read through the nutritional information on the food in your freezer, refrigerator or kitchen pantry, and you are likely to find a simple, innocuous-looking ingredient recurring on a number of products: "natural flavour". The story of what natural flavour is, how it got into your food, and where it came from is the result of more complex processes than you might imagine.

B. During the 1980s, health watchdogs and nutritionists began turning their attention to cholesterol, a waxy steroid metabolite that we mainly consume from animal-sourced products such as cheese, egg yolks, beef, poultry, shrimp, and pork. Nutritionists blamed cholesterol for contributing to the growing rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers in Western societies. As extensive recognition of the matter grew amongst the common people, McDonalds stopped cooking their french fries in a mixture of cottonseed oil and beef tallow, and in 1990, the restaurant chain began using 100% vegetable oil instead.

C. This substantially lowered the amount of cholesterol in McDonalds' fries, but it created a new dilemma The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content, but it also gifted them with a rich aroma and "mouth-feel” that even James Beard, an American food critic, admitted he enjoyed. Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison. Looking at the current ingredients' list of McDonalds' French fries, however, it is easy to see how they overcame this predicament Aside from a few preservatives, there are essentially three main ingredients: potato, soybean oil, and the mysterious component of "natural flavour".

D. Natural flavour also entered our diet through the rise in processed foods, which now make up over 90% (and growing) of the American diet, as well as representing a burgeoning industry in developing countries such as China and India Processed foods are essentially any foods that have been boxed, bagged, canned or packaged, and have a list of ingredients on the label. Sometimes, the processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilized, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened. This process typically saps any original flavour out of the product, and so, of course, flavour must be added back in as well.

E. Often this is "natural flavour", but while the term may bring to mind images of fresh barley, hand-ground spices, and dried herbs being traded in a bustling street market, most of these natural sources are, in fact, engineered to culinary perfection in a set of factories and plants off the New Jersey Turnpike outside of New York. Here, firms such as International Flavors & Fragrances, Harmen & Keimer, Flavor Dynamics, Frutarom and Elan Chemical isolate and manufacture the tastes that are incorporated in much of what we eat and drink. The sweet, summery burst of naturally squeezed orange juice, the wood-smoked aroma in barbeque sauces, and the creamy, buttery, fresh taste in many dairy products do not come from sundrenched meadows or backyard grills but are formed in the labs and test tubes of these flavour industry giants.

F. The scientists – dubbed "flavourists" who create the potent chemicals that set our olfactory senses to overdrive use a mix of techniques that have been refined over many years. Part of it is dense, intricate chemistry: spectrometers, gas chromatographs, and headspace-vapour analysers can break down components of a flavour in amounts as minute as one part per billion. Not to be outdone, however, the human nose can isolate aromas down to three parts per trillion. Flavourists, therefore, consider their work as much an art as a science, and flavourism requires a nose "trained" with a delicate and poetic sense of balance.

G. Should we be wary of the industrialisation of natural flavour? On its own, the trend may not present any clear reason for alarm. Nutritionists widely agree that the real assault on health in the last few decades stems from an "unholy trinity" of sugar, fat, and sodium in processed foods. Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour industry should not be considered the culprit, we might think of it as a willing accomplice.

Questions 14-21:

 Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter. A-G, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet

NB You may use any letter more than once.

14. examples of companies that create natural flavours

15. an instance of a multinational franchise responding to public pressure

16. a statement on the health effects of natural flavours

17. an instance where a solution turns into a problem

18. a place in the home where one may encounter the term "natural flavour"

19. details about die transformation that takes place in processed grocery items

20. a comparison of personal and technological abilities in flavour detection

21. examples of diet-related health conditions

Questions 22-25:

 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE                             if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                            if the statement contradicts with the information

NOT GIVEN                  if there is no information on this

22. On their own, vegetable oils do not have a strong flavour.

23. Soybean oil is lower in cholesterol than cottonseed oil.

24. Processed foods are becoming more popular in some Asian countries.

25. All food processing involves the use of natural flavours.

Question 26: 

Choose the correct letter. A, B.C, or D.

Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet

26. The writer of Reading Passage 2 concludes that natural flavours …………………..

A. are the major cause of dietary health problems.

B. are unhealthy, but not as had as sugar, fat, and sodium.

C. have health benefits that other ingredients tend to cancel out. D help make unhealthy foods taste better.

 

READING PASSGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Austerity Measures

Austerity measures are actions that a state undertakes in order to pay back its creditors. Those measures typically involve slashing government expenditure and hiking taxes, and most of the time, these are imposed on a country when its national deficit is believed to have become unsustainable. In this situation, banks may lose trust in the government's ability or willingness to repay existing debts, and in return can refuse to roll over current loans and demand cripplingly excessive interest rates on new lending. Governments frequently then turn to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), an intergovernmental organization that functions as a lender of last resort. In return, the IMF typically demands austerity measures so that the indebted country is able to curtail its budget deficit and fulfill their loan obligations.

A wave of austerity measures across Europe in 2010 has seen cuts and freezes to pensions, welfare and public sector salaries as well as hikes to some taxes and excises. The Greek programme attempts to narrow its budget shortfall from 8.1 per cent of GDP in 2010 to 2.6 per cent of GDP in 2014 primarily by freezing public sector incomes during that period and reducing public sector allowances by 8 per cent. Additionally. VAT – the Greek sales tax – will be elevated to 23 per cent, and excises on fuel, tobacco, and alcohol arc also subject to an increase. The statutory retirement age for women will be raised to 65, matching it with the current retirement age for men. These reforms have been deeply unpopular in Greece, prompting a succession of general strikes that have further dented the economy.

IMF-imposed austerity measures have been indicted for encouraging the deep recession following the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Starting from the early 1990s, international investors from wealthier countries such as Japan and the United States began pouring money into Southeast Asia, looking to make some quick returns, and the soaring economies of Thailand. Philippines, Malaysia and others earned themselves the title "the Asian tigers”. When things started to turn sour, however, the foreign investors panicked and retracted their investments en masse. decimating Asian currencies and turning millions of employees out of work. The IMF’s role in the recovery was to impose austerity measures that kept interest rates high while driving down wages and labour standards at a time when workers were already suffering. According to one former IMF economist, these interventions on a global scale have caused the deaths of 6 million children every year.

Many economists consequently view austerity measures as a terrible blunder. John Maynard Keynes was the first to propose an alternative method, long before the Asian financial crisis. Governments, he attempted to demonstrate, could conceivably spend their national economy out of debt. Although logically implausible at first blush, this argument is based on the notion that recessions deepen from a persistent cycle of low incomes, low consumer spending, and low business growth. A government can theoretically reverse this downward spiral by injecting the economy with much needed (albeit borrowed) capital. This is not equivalent to an indebted consumer spending further into the red, Keynes argued, because while the consumer gains no further income on that expenditure, the government's dollar goes into the economy and then partially boomerangs later on in the form of taxation.

Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz follows up on this approach by noting that households across the world are currently burdened with debt. For businesses to grow, he argues, government and consumer expenditure must kick in first. Austerity measures lower the spending capacity of households, and are, therefore, considered under-productive. Another recipient of the Nobel Prize. Paul Krugman, points to the recent experiences of countries such as Ireland, Latvia and Estonia. Countries that implement austerity are the "good soldiers” of the crisis, he notes, implementing savage spending cuts. "But their reward has been a slump, and financial markets continue to treat them as a serious default risk."

In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister David Cameron defended the necessity of austerity measures for his country by denouncing the frivolity of governments that ratchet up spending at a time the economy is contracting. This is in line with the counter-Keynesian viewpoint, known broadly as the neoclassical position. Neoclassical economists argue that business is "inspired" by fiscally conservative governments, and this "confidence” helps re-ignite the economy. A British think-tank economist, Marshall Auerback, questions this line of thinking, wondering if Cameron suggests governments should only "ratchet up spending when the economy is growing”. This Auerback warns, should be avoided because it presents genuine inflationary dangers.

Questions 27-31: 

Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 27- 31 on your answer sheet.

A government can undergo austerity measures by cutting spending and/or raising 27 …………………….. If banks do not believe that a government will settle its debts, they may ask for 28 ……………… that are too high to pay back. In these cases, the IMF is sometimes prepared to lend money to these governments. One of the conditions of IMF loans is that recipient countries undergo austerity measures to reduce their 29 ………………… and repay any debts. The IMF has attracted criticism for its role in Asia after the 1997 financial crisis. The crisis was caused when international investors pulled their money out of the region at once, causing 30 to foil and unemployment to rise. The IMF's austerity measures set conditions that lowered incomes and 31 ………………….  These policies have caused great suffering internationally.

Questions 32-35:

Choose FOUR letters A—G. Write the correct letters in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.

Which FOUR items are identified as features of the Greek government's austerity measure programme in 2010?

A. reducing public sector wages between 2010 and 2014

B. cutting allowances for public sector workers

C. raising the sales tax

D. making the compulsory retirement age the same for both genders

E. multiple general strikes

F. making cigarettes more expensive

G. eliminating the budget deficit

Questions 36-40: 

Look at the following people (Questions 36-40) and the list of statements below.

Match each person with an appropriate statement, A—F.

Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

36. John Maynard Keynes

37. David Cameron

38. Marshall Auerback

39. Joseph Stiglitz

40. Paul Kingman

Solution for IELTS Reading Practice Test 18

Reading Passage 1, Questions 1-13

1.C
Paragraph 4 – Line 2, 3, 4
learning process is more successful when students are in control. Within the student-centredparadigm, the "delegator" style is popular. The delegator teacher maintains general authority, but they delegate much of the responsibility for learning to the class as a way for students to become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often encouraged to

  1. B
    Paragraph 3 – Line 4, 5, 6
    for his or her class to learn, but emphasises a more individualised approach to form. The demonstrator acts as both a role model and a guide, demonstrating skills and processes and then helping students develop and apply these independently. Instructors who are drawn to the
  2. A
    Paragraph 2 – Line 3, 4
    the teachers task was to prepare and present material for students to understand. Within thisapproach, the relationship students have with their teachers is not considered important, nor is the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student's participation in class

  3. D
    Paragraph 5 – Line 1, 2, 3
    Another style that emphasises student-centred education is the "facilitator” mode of learning. Here, while a set of specific curriculum demands is already in place, students are encouraged to take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements together. The teacher

  4. A
    Paragraph 2 – Line 4,5,6
    the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student’s participation in class is likely to be minimal, aside from asking questions directed at the teacher, or responding to questions that the teacher has directed at the student. This style encourages students to develop

  5. D
    Paragraph 5 – Line 4,5
    take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements together. The teacher typically designs activities that encourage active learning, group collaboration, and problem solving, and students are encouraged to process and apply the course content in creative and

  6. B
    Paragraph 3 – Line 7, 8
    good base model, but they are sensitive to differing learning styles and expect to provide students with help on an individual basis.

  7. C
    Paragraph 4 – Line 5, 6
    become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often encouraged to work on their own or in groups, and if the delegator style is implemented successfully, they will

  8. FALSE
    Paragraph 6 – Line 3, 4
    his bag to the desk, and pull out the chair for the professor to sit down on. This style has become outmoded over time. Now at university, students and professors typically have more relaxed, collegiate relationships, address each other on a first name basis, and acknowledge that students

  9. NOT GIVEN
    Paragraph 6 – Line 10,11
    demonstrator style. At the highest levels of education, however, the demonstrator approach must be abandoned in all fields as students are required to produce innovative work that makes unique contributions to knowledge. Thesis and doctoral students lead their own research in facilitation

  10. TRUE
    Paragraph 7 – Line 4, 5
    The delegator style is valuable when the course is likely to lead students to careers that require
    group projects. Often, someone who has a high level of expertise in a particular field does not
    make for the best employee because they have not learnt to apply their abilities in a co-ordinated
    manner. The delegator style confronts this problem by recognising that interpersonal
    communication is not just a means to learning but an important skill set in itself. The facilitator

  11. FALSE
    Paragraph 7 – Line 8, 9,10
    medical practitioner. It may, however, suit more experimental and theoretical fields ranging from English, music, and the social sciences to science and medical research that takes place in research labs. In these areas, "mistakes" in form are important and valuable aspects of the
  12. A

Reading Passage 2, Question 14 – 21

  1. E
    sources arc, in fact, engineered to culinary perfection in a set of factories and plants off the New Jersey Turnpike outside of New York. Here, firms such as International Flavors & Fragrances, Harmen & Reimer, Flavor Dynamics, Frutarom and Elan Chemical isolate and manufacture the

  2. B
    societies. As extensive recognition of the matter grew amongst the common people, McDonalds stopped cooking their French fries in a mixture of cottonseed oil and beef tallow, and in 1990, the restaurant chain began using 100% vegetable oil….

  3. G
    Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour industry should not be considered the culprit, we might think of it as a willing accomplice…

  4. C
    C This substantially lowered the amount of cholesterol in McDonalds' fries, but it created a new dilemma. The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content, but it also gifted them with a rich aroma and "mouth-feel" that even James Beard, an American food critic, admitted he enjoyed. Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison….

  5. A
    A Read through the nutritional information on the food in your freezer, refrigerator or kitchen pantry, and you are likely to find a simple, innocuous-looking ingredient recurring on a number of…

  6. D
    been boxed, bagged, canned or packaged, and have a list of ingredients on the label. Sometimes, the processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened This

  7. F
    dense, intricate chemistry: spectrometers, gas chromatographs, and headspace-vapour analysers can break down components of a flavour in amounts as minute as one part per billion. Not to be outdone, however, the human nose can isolate aromas down to three parts per trillion. Flavourists,

  8. B
    as cheese, egg yolks, beef, poultry, shrimp, and pork. Nutritionists blamed cholesterol for con- tributing to the growing rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers in Western

  9. TRUE
    Paragraph C – Line 4
    food critic, admitted he enjoyed Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison. Looking at the current

  10. NOT GIVEN
    Paragraph C – Line 2:
    dilemma The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content,…

Paragraph C – Line 6
predicament Aside from a few preservatives, there are essentially three main ingredients: potato, soybean oil, and the mysterious component of "natural flavour". The text mentions of soybean oil but doesn't state clearly about whether it is low or high in cholesterol.

  1. TRUE
    Paragraph D – Line 2, 3
    over 90% (and growing) of the American diet, as well as representing a burgeoning industry in developing countries such as China and India. Processed foods are essentially any foods that have….
    Paragraph D – Line 5,6,7
    processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened This process typically saps any original flavour out of the product, and so, of course, flavour must be…

Paragraph G – Line 4, 5
Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour

Reading Passage 3, Question 27 – 40

  1. Taxes
    Paragraph 1 – Line 1, 2
    Austerity measures are actions that a state undertakes in order to pay back its creditors. These measures typically involve slashing government expenditure and hiking taxes, and most of the

  2. interest rates
    Paragraph 1 – Line 4, 5, 6
    unsustainable. In this situation, banks may lose trust in the government's ability or willingness to repay existing debts, and in return can refuse to roll over current loans and demand cripplingly excessive interest rates on new lending. Governments frequently then turn to the International

  3. budget deficit
    Paragraph 1 – Line 8, 9
    In return, the IMF typically demands austerity measures so that the indebted country is able to curtail its budget deficit and fulfil their loan obligations.

  4. Asian currencies/ economies
    Paragraph 3 – Line 6. 7
    turn sour, however, the foreign investors panicked and retracted their investments en masse. decimating Asian currencies and turning millions of employees out of work. The IMF's role in the

  5. Labour standards
    Paragraph 3 – Line 8, 9

decimating Asian currencies and turning millions of employees out of work. The IMF's role in the recovery was to impose austerity measures that kept interest rates high while driving down wages and labour standards at a time when workers were already suffering. According to one former IMF

32 – 35 B C D F (in any order)
Paragraph 2 – Line 4, 5, 6
of GDP in 2014 primarily by freezing public sector incomes during that period and reducing public sector allowances by 8 per cent. Additionally, VAT – the Greek sales tax – will be elevated to 23 nper cent, and excises on fuel, tobacco, and alcohol are also subject to an increase. The statutory

  1. c
    Paragraph 4 – Line 3, 4
    Governments, he attempted to demonstrate, could conceivably spend their national economy out of debt. Although logically implausible at first blush, this argument is based on the notion that

  2. E
    Paragraph 6 – Line 1, 2, 3
    In the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron defended the necessity of austerity measures for his country by denouncing the frivolity of governments that ratchet up spending at a time the economy is contracting. This is in line with the counter-Keynesian viewpoint, known

  3. D
    Paragraph 6 – Line 7, 8
    think-tank economist. Marshall Auerback, questions this line of thinking, wondering if Cameron suggests governments should only "ratchet up spending when the economy is growing". This Auerback warns, should be avoided because it presents genuine inflationary dangers.

  4. A
    Paragraph 5 – Line 2, 3
    households across the world are currently burdened with debt. For businesses to grow, he argues, government and consumer expenditure must kick in first. Austerity measures lower the spending

  5. B
    Paragraph 5 – Line 5, 6
    Nobel Prize, Paul Krugman, points to the recent experiences of countries such as Ireland, Latvia and Estonia. Countries that implement austerity are the "good soldiers" of the crisis, he notes,…

Continue with..Practice Test 19

IETLS Writing Task 2 Topic : Communication and Technology & Sample Answers

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?

SAMPLE ANSWER

The impacts of digital communication on human relationships have long been a topic of controversy. From my perspective, modern means of communication may sabotage one’s relationships with other people.

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The most typical example of today’s communication technology is the mobile phone. Originally designed to provide people with instant access to telecommunication, it has become indispensable for most people in modern society. Nowadays, various features such as built-in cameras and interactive games have been added to the mobile phone, making it multifunctional and thus even more popular. However, I believe the omnipresence of mobile phones in particular, or digital communication tools in general, often interferes with the bonding time that people share and thus has a negative influence on interpersonal relationships. There is compelling evidence for my belief.

If people use mobile phones for work purposes, business calls may disrupt any real-life conversations they have. This is the case for millions of working people who may have overlooked the importance of having smooth and uninterrupted conversations with other people. It is possible that they are unaware that relationships are at risk of eroding when people spend less quality time with each other.

In addition, if people use mobile phones to play games, the constant urge to complete game missions may disengage them from social gatherings. For example, many teenagers sacrifice real-life socialising time for mobile game playing time. In the long term, this would be likely to cause friends to drift apart.

Some people use mobile phones mainly for virtual social networks, and notifications and messages from these sites may prevent them from having intimate conversations with their loved ones. There are many real examples of couples on the verge of breaking up because one or both partners have grown overly attached to social network applications on mobile phones, and they find it hard to maintain a sense of intimacy.

I believe that any of these issues could have a significant impact on a person’s social relationships. However, most people use mobile phones for all of the aforementioned purposes, and consequently they need to pay constant attention to their phone, potentially isolating those in their company. In this way, mobile phones may dull real-life interactions and affect relationships as a result.

In brief, the constant distraction of modern communication devices such as mobile phones may cause the breakdown of numerous social relationships.

392 words, written by Tu Pham

IELTS Writing 2 Practice Test 25 & Band 8.0 Sample Answer – topic : Air travel

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

IELTS WRITING 2 PRACTICE TEST 25

Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and will use up the world's resources. Do you agree or disagree?

BAND 8.0 SAMPLE ANSWER

The impact of air travel on the environment has been the topic of continuous debate in recent years, followed by the concern that more and more people refer to it as a favorable means of travel. Restrictions should be imposed on air travel, according to some people. However, there are other points in their argument.

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The first undeniable factor is that aircrafts have been blamed for a large proportion of air pollution. Planes, either idling or taxiing, contribute a large part of local emission annually. There are some suggestions that air travel is one of the most suitable modes of transport for long distance trips. This viewpoint is however fallacious. Trains, for instance, can also serve as an optimal alterative, consuming less energy and causing less contamination.

Along with air pollution, aircrafts can cause noise pollution. Although it is almost impossible to measure exactly the actual impact of noise on people's everyday lives, its ability to increase the anxiety and levels of disturbance has been confirmed. Especially to those living in the neighborhood of an airport and around the flight paths, noise problems created by aircrafts is a headache.

Despite the problems created by air travelling, it is not to say that this should be significantly curtailed. Alternatively, this can be operated in a method by which its strengths can be fully taken advantage of. For instance, by replacing old engines with cleaner ones, people can mitigate the negative affect caused by flying. Meanwhile, aircrafts have a higher capacity, allowing an enormous number of passengers for each flight and hence giving the best possible values to the fuel used.

In the light of those facts discussed above, substantial consideration should be given to the problem of pollution caused by aircrafts. However, it does not necessarily mean that air travel should be restricted. Instead, people could make some appropriate adjustments and improvements to ensure the optimal use of this form of travel.

IELTS Speaking Practice Test 04 – Topic: Money and Society

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Topic: Money and Society

Audio for IELTS Speaking Practice Test 04

IELTS SPEAKING PART 2

CUE CARD

Describe what you would do if you received a very large amount of money.

You should say:

who you would share it with
what you would buy
what else you would do
and explain how you would feel about getting so much money.

It really depends on how much money a “large amount” is. If it's in the trillions I’d probably buy up most of Europe or maybe North America.

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I would be my own little king and have everyone pay homage to me. There would be no more wars because I wouldn’t let them happen. I would be fair to all people. We would commission all of the nuclear scientists to try to discover an economical, plentiful, and non-toxic substitute for gasoline and diesel. There would be less pollution, because if you want to drive a gas powered vehicle you’d have to pay a tine. As far as noise pollution, there would be less, because there would be fewer things to complain about. I would sponsor rock festivals so that everyone could partake of the beauties of music. All my subjects would love me, because they'd know I am trying my best not to be like all of the leaders in the past who gave into their own desires and
lusts; instead I would give the people what they want. I would use all the money that would normally be spent on wars to help poorer nations, improve the lives of war-torn countries, and build a big rollercoaster theme park. When all this is done and with whatever money I have left I would get the best, most expensive guitar on the market and hire a super-skilled guitar player to teach me all he knows. I'd really enjoy that.

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IELTS SPEAKING PART 3

MONEY

  1. Is money important to you?

Money isn't really that important to me, but you need money in live and if you don't have money, then you can't do anything. But I'm really against the idea of just spending your whole life trying to make a bunch of money so that you can die a rich man. Most of the people who do that: don’t even get to enjoy the money they have, and they're never content with what they have because they always want more.

ielts recent actual test 2020
  1. Do you think children are given too much pocket money in China?

It really depends on how much they're getting. Some kids definitely get way more than they need, and others don't get enough. There are some families where the parents hardly have enough money to pay their bills and get food; I don’t think these families should feel obliged to give their children money that they don’t have. But if they do have money, then it would be nice to give at least some spending money to their children.

  1. How do you think parents could teach the value of money to their children?

If you give your children only a small amount of money each week then they'll have to learn to make it last.  It might take a while for them to learn, and they might be broke for the first few months, but after a while they’ll realize that money doesn’t grow on trees and will respect its value. Of course there are children who always want everything they see, and if the parents give it to them then the kids won't value money at all.

4 Do you think it is important to let children earn money skills?

I think that’s a wonderful idea. If all kids knew how to do banking, open a savings account and cash checks, their parents would have a lot more leisure time.  And even if the parents still do banking, at least when their kids grow up they won’t be totally helpless. In fact, they'll have a big jump on the other kids their age.

  1. Do you think people should be paid extra when they work overtime?

If you pay someone extra to work overtime then you're, in a sense, giving them an incentive to work harder. When the work day is over, most people just want to go home and relax. Some people are workaholics and don't think anything of working until 3 or 4 in the morning and getting at 6 a few hours later to go back to work. But these people are rare. So if you want more people to work later an overtime bonus is a very good idea.

Money and Society

  1. What kinds of jobs have higher pay? Why?

Jobs like designing and repairing computer software, lawyers, doctors and surgeons, building designers. scientists, and Hollywood actors are some better paying jobs. All these jobs require years of study, research, and lots of experience in that field.

  1. What occupations do you think will get high salary in the future?

People who are multilingual will be highly sought after in the future. As the world is becoming more international, people who speak more than 2 languages fluently will be greatly needed. English is the main international language right now. but there are billions of extremely intellectual individuals who can't speak or understand English. These people don't want to get left out of all the fun and games that are happening in the rest of the world, so they need translators who will be able to make them understood by people of different races.

  1. Is pay the most important factor in a job?

The most important factor is, as most fun loving people know, how much vacation time you get. Not only time off. but paid time off. Another important thing to keep in mind is what kind of work it is. Some work is just boring and nobody likes doing it—except for boring people. But if you really want to excel in your work, pick something that you feel comfortable doing, something that you're good at. the workplace environment is also very important. Some offices are stuffy and drab, whereas others make you feel fresh and alive.

  1. What is the primary source of income for the Chinese government?

The primary source of government income is taxes. Taxes are the way that governments support all their projects around the country. Whether they're building skyscrapers, roads, or schools in impoverished counties, all this funding comes from taxes. Another way to put it is that you’re supporting the government, because you're the one paying the taxes. Whenever you see government officials on the news doing something or another, you can know that you are actually responsible, since it is you who made it possible for them to do it

  1. Do you think the government should let people know how it spends money?

You know, that would be very nice. I've always wondered what exactly is going on behind those closed doers. Naturally some things just can't be talked about because they're state secrets, and some things you probably don't want to know about, such as how much money was spent on this banquet, or that convention, or how many liters of gasoline their vehicles Consume each month. But I would like to know exactly what they're spending my money on.

Advanced Grammar for IELTS : Determiners

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Determiners – Diagnose Test, Grammar Explanation & Practice Exercises

Determiners or noun signals are the special adjectives used before nouns. There are different types of determines like, Articles (a, an, the), demonstratives (this, that, these, those), possessives (my, your, his, her, ours, theirs), quantifiers (few. little, fewer, many, much, more, less).

Usage of Determiners

Determiners can be used in the following ways:

  • Determiners come in the noun phrase.
  • Determiners are required with the singular nouns.
  • To speak about singular nouns, we use the indefinite articles.
  • While talking about plural nouns, determiners are not used.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Determiners

Complete each sentence with a/an the or – (no article).

Example: All our towels are made of….-…Egyptian cotton.

  1. Ruthless poachers hunt………. elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.
  2. Next week I’ll be reviewing a stunning new film. …….. film stars Michael Douglas and is directed by Curtis Hanson.
  3. Yesterday evening's Nature Scope about …….. sun's future worried a large number of viewers.
  4. Muhammad Ali was voted ……… greatest sports personality of the twentieth century.
  5. It is commonly accepted today that ……….. brown bread is good for you.
  6. Many research scientists are inspired by ……………hope of curing diseases by genetic engineering.
  7. Fewer people attend…….. church regularly now than twenty years ago.
  8. Julianne studied for seven years to become …….. criminal lawyer.
  9. Like many people, I learned to play……… piano when I was a child but gave it up in my teens.
  10. We recommend that children and teenagers are inoculated against………meningitis.

Underline the correct determiner or determiners in each sentence (- = no article). In some cases, two may be correct.

Example: None/ Some/ Both neighbors rushed to the aid of the elderly woman.

  1. It costs £10 a/an/- hour to hire the squash court.
  2. There’s a/ the/ – good wine bar in the town center, isn’t there?
  3. A/ The/- Mr. Jones came to see you this afternoon.
  4. My parents grew up in the 1950s. In the/ these/ those days there was far less freedom than there is now.
  5. This/That/A woman I'd never met before came up to me in the bank and asked if she could borrow £10!
  6. It's freezing! I’ve never known a winter -/this/that cold before.
  7. Isn't there any / some/ the way that you can ensure delivery tomorrow?
  8. Every /All/ Each the children in the school have to take up at least one sport.
  9. We have asked our retail outlets to return both/both of/some the new models for further inspection.
  10. Much/A lot / A few depends on the final outcome of the negotiations.

GRAMMAR EXPLANATION: Determiners

Determiners are words that precede nouns, e.g. articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, and possessive adjectives. Articles can be a problem area in English for students even at an advanced level, especially for those whose own language has a very different article system. This unit covers articles, demonstrations, and quantifiers.

ARTICLES

1A. Basic rules

  • Articles (a/ an, the) precede nouns and some other words in a noun phrase, e.g. few, little, adjectives. The article is usually the first word in a noun phrase, but note:

all/ both/ half + the: all the information, both the twins

quite / rather /such / what/ half + a/ an: quite a difficult problem

  • We use the indefinite article (a/ an) with singular countable nouns: a garage, an opinion.
  • We use the definite article (the) with singular countable nouns (the garage), with plural nouns (the latest computers) and uncountable nouns (the purest water). We can omit the with uncountable and plural nouns.

1B. Naming, describing and classifying

  • We use a/ an when we name or describe something:

That’s a scarab beetle. ‘What’s that?’ 'It’s an enormous anthill.’

  • We use a/ an when we refer to one example of a class or a species:

An African elephant has larger ears than an Indian elephant.

  • We use the to refer to the whole class or species:

The African elephant has larger ears than the Indian elephant.

  • However, it is more common to refer to the whole class with the plural:

African elephants have larger ears than Indian elephants.

  • Note: We do not use a/ an to refer to a whole class rather than individual examples:

X  Ruthless poachers hunt an elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.

Ruthless poachers hunt the elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.

Ruthless poachers hunt elephants for the valuable ivory of their tusks.

  • We can also use them with an adjective to refer to a class of people :

The homeless will be removed from the streets and placed in hostels.

1C. Known or unknown topic

  • We use a/ an when the topic (noun) is not known to our listener/reader; we use the when it is known. Therefore, we usually use a/ an for the first reference to a topic in a text, but then use the for subsequent references:

A new travel guide has advised would-be tourists to Morecambe that it is a place to avoid. … The guide paints a bleak – if not third- world – picture.

  • We do not always have to mention something for it to be known to the listener. We consider that it is known in the following situations:
situation example
something is unique superlatives

 

 

the context makes it ‘known’

 

We are in danger of permanently damaging the Earth.

Muhammad AH is the greatest heavyweight boxer ever.

‘Has Edward arrived get?’ ‘Yes, he’s in the dining-room.’

(= the dining-room of the house we are in)

a defining phrase makes it known’

a prepositional phrase makes it ‘known’

Oasis is the Manchester band that shot to fame in the early

Meet me in the café next to the underground station near my house

1D. General and  specific

  •  With plural nouns, we use either the or no article. We don't use an article when we want to refer to a group or class in general. Compare:

 Tourists are often blamed for changing the character of a place. (= all tourists)

Did you notice what the tourists in the cathedral were doing? (= specific tourists)

It is commonly accepted today that brown bread is good for you.

Did you remember to get the bread out of the freezer?

  • We only use an article before an abstract noun if we wish to make an abstract noun more specific, e.g. to talk about a particular type of hope.

X  It is impossible to live in a world without the hope

It is impossible to live in a world without hope (hope in general)

The hope of finding a cure for cancer drives a lot of medical research.

  • Nouns such as church, hospital, school do not take an article if we think of their purpose, i.e. church as a place of worship, or school as a place of learning:

Fewer people attend church regularly now than twenty years ago.

Can children leave school at fourteen in your country?

  • If we think of the physical place or building, we use an article:

The collection for restoring the church has almost reached its target.

Is there a school in the village or do the children have to go to the town?

1E. Other common uses of articles

A /an jobs, nationalities, and beliefs: I'm a structural engineer. Helmut's an Austrian. Cat Stevens became a Muslim1

numbers: a hundred thousand

prices, speeds, etc: two dollars a kilo, 20km an hour

1: We can use these without an article if we put the noun before the person’s name: Irishman Eddie Jordan has put together a team of great quality and spirit.
the some geographical names: plurals (the United States, the US), areas (the West),

mountain ranges (the Pyrenees), oceans or seas (the Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea), rivers (the Rhone)

musical instruments: She plays the violin.

the media: All our family work in the theatre 2

in some comparative phrases: the more the merrier, all the better

in front of superlatives and first, last, next, only, same, right, wrong: the most

dangerous profession, the last time, the only one

in measurements: You can buy saffron by the gram.

physical environments: I prefer the town to the country.

newspapers: the Times, the Herald Tribune, the Dally Mirror

dates when spoken: the tenth of May

2: We often use television, cinema, etc. without an article to refer to the art or entertainment form: She works on television. I'm studying film in my final year.

If we refer to a specific item we use the article:

Don't put flowers on the television. Have you seen the new film by Ridley Scott?

no article proper names: James, Chris Graham, Mr. Jones 3

names of most countries, mountains, lakes: Japan, Mount Everest. Lake Victoria

substances, liquids and gases: Cooking oil is simply liquid fat.

materials: This blouse is made of silk.

political or business roles: Lagos became President of Chile in 2000.

transport: We're going by rail to London, then by plane.

times and seasons: at night, in summer, at dusk 4 

meal(time)s: Have you had breakfast? See you at lunch.

sports: She plays both tennis and squash very well.

illnesses: He's got lung cancer. She’s had German measles.

3: We use a/ an if we want to make a nameless specific:

A Mr Jones came to see you this afternoon. (I don't know which Mr Jones.)

We can make a name more specific by using the:

The Mr Jones with the stutter came to see you. (The stutter identifies this Mr Jones.)

4: Although we don't usually use an article with seasons, it is possible to use the: in the

spring/the summer, and note that we use the with parts of the day: in the afternoon.

Note: We usually use a possessive adjective (not the) to refer to parts of the body:

Put your hand up if you know the answer.

DEMONSTRATIVES

2A. Used as adjectives

  • We can use demonstratives, this/that (singular) and these/those (plural), as adjectives before nouns to refer to someone or something known to both speaker and listener:

I'm not sure which shoes to buy.’ ‘Well, I think these shoes are lovely.’

close distance
Space Do you recognise this man?

These parrots can live to over 70.

I’ve seen that man before.

Can you see those birds in the tree?

Time What are you doing this weekend? There’s so much crime these days. Do you remember that weekend?

There were no drugs in those days.

  •  We use them to distinguish between close and distant things (in both space and time): In very informal speech we can use this or these instead of a/ an or some, often to introduce a topic or start telling a story:

This woman came up to me in the bank and asked if she could borrow …

2B. Used as pronouns or intensifiers

  • We can use demonstratives as pronouns to refer to a noun, a thing or idea:

This is a really wonderful cup of tea. What kind is it?

A/ an says he's giving up his job to travel the world. I think that's stupid.

  • We can use this to talk about a situation that we are experiencing:

This is the worst recession we have seen for more than ten years.

  • We can use demonstratives as a more formal alternative to the one(s):

Hundreds of Brixton residents turned out to welcome Tyson to their borough. Those who had bothered were rewarded by a 40-minute walkabout.

  • In certain expressions, we can use this or that instead of so to intensify an adjective:

I’ve never known a winter this cold before. So you think you’re that clever, do you?

QUANTIFIERS

3A. Common quantifiers and their use

  • Quantifiers are determiners that describe the quantity of something. Notice the use of of or of the shown in the table:
quantifier + singular noun + plural noun + uncountable noun
no

none of the

neither

either

any

both

 

 

neither cat

either twin

any document

 

I've got no coins.

none of the details

neither of the cats

either of the twins

any (of the) documents

both (of the) awards 2

I ‘ve got no money.

none of the information

 

 

any (of the) information

 

few/ little

half

some

several

a lot of

many/ much

most

each

every (one of)

all

 

half (of) the task

 

 

a lot of the conference

 

most of the holiday

each applicant

every page 4

all (of) the problem

(a) few (of the) sweets 3

half (of) the tasks

some (of the) jewels

several (of the) episodes

a lot of (the) ideas

many (of the) chairs

most (of the) apples

each of the applicants

every one of the pages

all (of) the problems

(a) little (of the) water 5

half (of) the work

some (of the) jewelry

 

a lot of (the) time

much (of the) furniture

most (of the) fruit

 

 

all (of) the trouble

1: We often use quantifiers (except none and a lot) directly before a noun:

It is impossible to nominate both candidates for the Vice-presidency.

  • With most quantifiers, using the before a plural or uncountable noun changes the meaning of the noun from general to specific:

I'd like some jewelry. (general, we don’t know which jewelry)

I'd like some of the jewelry. (specific, a particular set of jewelry)

2: With both, we can omit of before the. Both (of) the candidates believed they had won.

3: For the difference between little/few and a little/ a few.

4: Note the difference between each and every. Both quantifiers describe 'more than one’; we can use each to refer to two things, but not every:

She was wearing a fine gold chain on every ankle.

She was wearing a fine gold chain on each ankle.

But: She was wearing a ring on every finger.

  • We usually use some in positive sentences, any in questions and negatives:

You’ve got some interesting ideas, but have you got any money to back them?

  • We can use any in positive sentences with the meaning 'it doesn’t matter which':

You won’t catch any fish here. Any fisherman will tell you that.

  • Note: it is possible to use some in questions where we have some expectation that the answer will be positive:

Is some of the information useful? (I expect that a part of it is.)

Is any of the information useful? (I have no idea if it is useful or not.)

3B. Quantifiers as subjects verb.

  • We can use quantifiers (except no and every) without a noun as subject of the clause:

 The vote was split: half were in favor of the motion, half were against it.

  • When used as subjects some quantifiers take a singular verb, and some take a plural Others are used with a singular or plural verb, depending on the noun they substitute or modify. Look at the table.
always singular  each, either, much

Much of the research has already been completed.

always plural both, several, a few, many

Some visitors to the new gallery are enthusiastic but many have

expressed their disappointment.

singular or plural any, half, some, a lot. all

Some of the information is considered top secret.

Some of us are hiring a minibus to go to the match.

'We can't get many books to the schools in the outback.' ‘Don't worry. Any (books) are better than none.’

  • 1: The quantifiers neither and none take a singular verb with plural nouns, though a plural verb is now accepted in speech and informal writing:

None of the students is/are willing to accept the increase in coursework.

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Q 1.Read this story and fill in the gaps with the correct article: a/ an, the or – (no article). For one gap you will need a possessive adjective.

I first experienced terror when I was seven. My mother lived in London, but after a brief liaison with (1)____ soldier from the United States, she became pregnant and fled to (2)____ country. (At that time, fifty years ago, it was considered shameful to be a single parent.) A great aunt of hers lived in (3)____ cottage in (4)_____ North Wales, and there she was able to bring me up in (5)____ peace, pretending that she was a widow. (6)_____  locals were all very friendly to us and accepted us without question, and I had (7)______ blissful childhood.

One day I arrived home from (8)_____ school to find my mother clutching (9)_____telegram, in floods of tears. (10)_______ telegram informed her that her father – my grandfather – had died. His funeral would be in three days and we had to go to London. I had never been outside  (11)_____ village and I was really excited at the thought of going to (12)______ capital city. So, two days later, we boarded a train to London. It was (13)_____ first time I had been on a train and I could barely contain (14)_______ excitement of such an adventure. Several hours later we arrived. I clutched my mother’s hand as we stepped down from the train. (15)________ station was full of people rushing home from (16)______ work and it was quite dark. Now (17)_____ fear was starting to creep into my mind. Then, suddenly, we were in (18)_______ street outside the station. I had never seen so many people, buses and cars, nor heard so much noise. I was terrified. I opened (19)________ mouth and the wail that I let escape was one of (20)______ sheer terror.

Q 2.Complete these short sentences with an appropriate article: a/an, the or – (no article).

  1. He’s got……… asthma.
  2. The ring is just a band of ………. gold.
  3. It prints seven pages minute.
  4. Let’s have a weekend in ………. mountains
  5. She’s at………. work.
  6. It’s in Tasman Sea.
  7. Sorry – it’s ………. wrong answer.
  8. It appeared in ………. New York Times.
  9. She’s always been ………. Catholic.
  10. What’s for ………. dinner?
  11. We’re going on a day trip by …………  coach
  12. They're flying to …………. Seychelles.
  13. It’s ……….. best solution.
  14. Can you ski on …………… Mont Blanc?
  15. It's quite warm there in …………. winter.
  16. We all need ……….. oxygen.
  17. We've had over …………. dozen applicants.
  18. She works in ………. television.
  19. It’s all…………… better if you can come early.
  20. He was crowned…………. king.

Q 3.Complete the dialogue with a demonstrative adjective or pronoun from the box.

this (x3)        that (x4)         these (x1)               those (x2)

ROB                What's on TV tonight, do you know?

JENNY           No. Why don’t you look in the paper you’re reading?

ROB                (1)…….. paper doesn't have TV listings.

JENNY           Oh, right. Well try (2)………. one on the shelf, over there.

ROB                OK … yes, let's see. There's nothing much on (3)…….. days at all, is there? It's all soaps and detective series.

JENNY           Mmm. I thought there was always a serious documentary on Tuesday evenings. (4)…….. one last week on homelessness was really interesting.

ROB                Yes, you're right. There's one on travellers. Listen. (5)………. is awful. ‘Although landowners may lose income while travellers are on their land, there is no fast route to evicting them. (6)………   who go through the courts often have to take out more than one injunction before the matter is settled.’

JENNY           Well, what do you expect? The travellers need somewhere to live, like the rest of us. The government should give them land.

ROB                (7)……….’s no solution, is it? They want to travel, not to settle.

JENNY           How do you know? There was (8)……… story in my magazine about travellers from years ago and the encampments they made – they were allowed to settle down then.

ROB                Yes, but in (9)…….. days there was more free land. Land is (10)………..valuable today, people use every bit of it and don’t want travellers on their land.

JENNY           Mmm, well why don't we turn the TV on and find out what the documentary says?

Q 4.Match one of the sentences or beginnings of sentences in each pair (1-8) with a continuation of the sentence or conversation from the list below (A-l).

  1. I don't know him. Do you?
  2. Could I have a closer look at it, please?
  3. It’s a basic human right.
  4. You just have to shop around.
  5. It’s the tallest type of tree in the world.
  6. She took journalism and media studies.
  7. You know, the one where Chris works.
  8. You know, the one that we couldn't get last week.
  9. I’ve never come across one so talkative before!
  1. Let's meet in a wine bar.
  2. Let's meet in the wine bar.  ==> ….b…. + …..G….

1.

  1. My sister went to university.
  2. My sister went to the university

2.

  1. The cat communicates a lot of desires and emotions.
  2. This cat communicates a lot of desires and emotions.

3.

  1. Dr Richards called to speak to you.
  2. Dr. Richards called to speak to you.

4.

  1. People shouldn't be denied freedom.
  2. People shouldn't be denied the freedom …

5.

  1. A giant redwood once grew to over 70 meters.
  2. The giant redwood can grow to more than 70 meters.

6.

  1. Let's get a video out this evening.
  2. Let's get that video out this evening.

7.

  1. You can pay a lot less for a car these days.
  2. You could pay a lot less for a car in those days.

8.

  1. This is an interesting specimen.
  2. That’s an interesting specimen.

Q 5.For each of these questions, either one or two alternatives (A-C) are correct. Circle the letters of the correct alternatives.

1.I haven't seen  ______ of those films, so I don’t mind which one we go to.

  1. any
  2. no
  3. either

2. You shouldn’t slouch like that. It puts            ______of pressure on one hip and leg.

  1. much
  2. a lot
  3. all

3. At this stage______ information would have been a step In the right direction.

  1. little
  2. some
  3. any

4. The Fitness Room would like to invite ________ of its patrons to enter the annual fitness challenge.

  1. all
  2. every
  3. some

5. _______ witnesses responded to the police appeal after the accident.

  1. No
  2. None
  3. Any

6. _______ of the women who attended the demonstration was willing to give us an Interview.

  1. No
  2. None
  3. Many

7. We would like to add that _______ medallion is inscribed with the name of its lucky owner.

  1. each
  2. every
  3. either

8. Only _______ of the news today has been about the election.

  1. half
  2. a little
  3. a few

9. We guarantee that _______ item of the dinner service will be replaceable for a period of ten years.

  1. each
  2. every
  3. all

10. We are delighted to be able to welcome _______ the competition winners to the gala evening.

  1. both
  2. either
  3. all

Q 6.Complete the article with the words from above each paragraph. (- = no article)

a         all          the           the           the          The           this         your            –            –

FOOD FRIGHTS

Planning a big day out this summer? It's not just the rides that could turn your stomach!

The risk of food poisoning should be the last thing on (1)…. mind when you're enjoying a quiet day out (2)…..            summer. But, in (3)….. UK, there were around 95,000 reported cases of (4)…. food poisoning in (5)….. last year alone – a four-fold increase on the number of reported cases just ten years ago.

We checked food safety at 13 of our top tourist attractions. We tested the food on offer and inspected hygiene standards at restaurants, cafés, and kiosks on site. Standards were generally poor. About (6)……. third of the 65 food samples we bought tailed to meet satisfactory microbiological guidelines. Sandwiches came out worst — in five of (7)…….. 25 samples we bought we found food-poisoning bacteria. But, to judge from our inspections, the results are not that surprising. Only one in seven food outlets passed (8)……… of our inspection criteria. (9)…………….majority of problems we came across were staff-related and showed a lack of training in (10)………..food safety.

each         half           most          the         the           these          these       This        –         –

What we found

At (11)………….. tourist attraction we bought a selection of sandwiches and other food products. Our tests revealed specific food-poisoning bacteria in five of (12)……….. sandwiches. High levels of other general bacteria were also found in more than (13)………. of the sandwiches – while (14)……….. bacteria don't make you ill, they do point to (15)………… poor hygiene practices.

Five sandwiches contained food-poisoning bacteria at levels that are not satisfactory according to guidelines. (16)……………could cause food-poisoning – (17)……….. children, elderly people and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. We've informed (18)…………… food outlets and tourist attractions concerned; (19)……………(but not all) have taken positive action as a result of (20)………….disturbing findings.

Q 7.Read the following text. In most lines there is an unnecessary word, a word missing or an incorrect word. For each numbered line (1-23), identify the mistake and write the correct word in the space on the right. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (✓). The exercise begins with three examples.

Magnum past and present

Magnum is a co-operative of nearly sixty photographers with offices in New      

York, London, Paris and Tokyo. A co-operative was founded in 1947 by         ….   A => The

photographers the Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson. George Rodger and     the

  1. David Seymour. All them had been involved in the Second World War.
  2. Rodger had walked hundreds of miles through forest to escape Japanese
  3. in the Burma. And Seymour received a medal for his work in American
  4. intelligence.
  5. However, all of founders of Magnum had been photographers for
  6. some time. Photographic work they were famous for dated back further.
  7. Capa's photos of the Spanish Civil war were called ‘finest pictures of
  8. front-line action ever taken.'
  9. They all appreciated an importance of showing the world what really
  10. happens during this major conflicts and world crises, so they decided to
  11. produce the best documentary photography at this time. Cartier-Bresson
  12. once commented 'Some photographers tell the news step by the step as
  13. if making an accountant's statement.' He and Magnum, on the other hand,
  14. felt that the news had to be shown in that way that would engage most
  15. the people who are unable to experience world-changing events at first-hand.
  16. Tragically, within a decade of the start of Magnum, the half of its original
  17. founders died while covering other wars. However, agency had started to
  18. employ other top-class photographers and its work was sure to continue.
  19. Today, Magnum is some goal for many young photographers. It still
  20. produces the finest documentary photographs of world events. Recent
  21. coverage has included the events in Balkans and the tribal wars in East
  22. Africa, and while Magnum photographers cover these events, we will all be
  23. able to appreciate both best and worst of humanity.

ANSWER KEY FOR DIAGNOSTIC TEST

  1. the
  2. The
  3. the
  4. the
  5. the
  6. a
  7. the
  8. an
  9. a
  10. A/-
  11. those
  12. This/A
  13. this
  14. any/ some
  15. All
  16. both/ both of
  17. Much/ A lot

ANSWER KEY FOR PRACTICE EXERCISE

Q 1.

1 a

2 the

3 a

4 –

5-

6 The

7 a

8 –

9 a

10 The

11 the

12 the

13 the

14 the

15 The

16 –

17 –

18 the/a

19 my

20 –

 Q 2.

1 –

2 –

3 a

4 the

5 –

6 the

7 the

8 the

9 a

10 –

11 –

12 the

13 the

14 –

15 -/ the

16 –

17 a

18 –

19 the

20 –

 Q 3.

  1. This
  2. that
  3. these
  4. That
  5. This
  6. Those
  7. That
  8. this
  9. those
  10. that

Q 4.

  1. a+F
  2. b+ I
  3. b+A
  4. a+C
  5. b+E
  6. b+H
  7. a+D
  8. b+B

Q 5.

1 A, C

2 B

3 B, C

4 A, C

5 A

6 B

7 A, B

8 A, B

9 A, B

10 A, C

 Q 6.

1 your

2 this

3 the

4 –

5 the

6 a

7 the

8 all

9 The

10 –

11 each

12 the

13 half

14 these

15 –

16 This

17-

18 the

19 most

20 these

Q 7.

  1. All them => All of them
  2. Japanese => the Japanese
  3. the Burma => Burma
  4. of-founders =>» of the founders
  5. Photographic work => The photographic work
  6. finest pictures => the finest pictures
  7. an => the
  8. this => these
  9. this => that
  10. step by the step => step by step
  11. that way => a way
  12. most-the people => most of the people
  13. the half => half
  14. agency => the agency
  15. some goal => the goal
  16. in Balkans => in the Balkans
  17. best => the best

IELTS Listening Practice Test 119

Posted: 23 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

SECTION 1

Questions 1-2

Circle the appropriate letter.

Example: What type of accommodation does Bahtt want?

A. A house.
B. The Student Hostel.
C. Home stay.
D. A flat.

1. How does she want to travel to the university?

A. By car.
B. On foot.
C. By bus.
D. By tube.

2. How did she feel about living at the Student Hostel?

A. Very pleasant.
B. Rather disappointed.
C. A bit homesick.
D. Rather bad.

Questions 3-6

Complete the table below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

Property Available Advantage Disadvantage
two-bedroom house near the university 3 _____________
three-bedroom flat near the university 4 _____________
three-bedroom house 5 ________________ far from the university

Address: 6 ________________, Botany

Questions 7-8

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Which TWO of the following the agent says are included?

A. kitchen cupboards
B. garden table
C double bed
D. dishwasher
E. washing machine
F. refrigerator

Questions 9-70

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

What TWO things does the student request before moving in?

A. new kitchen cooker
B. garden cleared
C. back door painted
D. carpets cleaned
E. windows repaired
F. new refrigerator

SECTION 2

Questions 11-13

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

11. The Bridge Hotel is located in

A. the city centre.
B. the country.
C. the suburbs.

12. The newest sports facility in the hotel is

A. a swimming pool.
B. a fitness centre.
C. a tennis court.

13. The hotel restaurant specializes in

A. healthy food.
B. local food.
C. international food.

Questions 14-15

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO business facilities are mentioned?

A. Internet access
B. mobile phone hire
C. audio-visual facilities
D. airport transport
E. translation services

Questions 16-20

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

SHORT BREAK PACKAGES

Length of stay Cost (per person per night) Special features
2 days 16 £___________ Full cooked breakfast Entertainment in the 17

Entertainment in the 17_____________

3 days £60 As above, plus:

  • a 18_____________
5 days 19 £___________ As above, plus:

  • 2 days’ free beauty therapy
  • full-day membership of a 20_______________

SECTION 3

Questions 21-22

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

21. Last year, Fiona got a grade________________ for the Theory and Practice option.

22. Fiona has some free time because her_________________ has been cancelled.

Question 23

Choose ONE letter, A-E.

Which book does Fiona advise against?

A. Brown: Observing Theory in Practice

B. Jespersen: Theory’s Crucible

C. Piresi: On Giants' Shoulders

D. Willard: Practical Theories in the Social Sciences

E. Williams: Knowledge Theory

Questions 24-30

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

How to use the recall system

  • Take a 24_________________ from librarian's desk.
  • Complete the details of the book. Write your 25___________________ address on back. Hand it in at the 26____________________.
  • Check mail in your department twice a day to see if book is ready to collect.
    It normally takes 3 days.
  • Cost: 27_______________________ per book.

Fiona’s advice on organizing a study group to work on an assignment

Find two or three people on the course who live near you.

Divide up the reading load.

Take it in turns to 28___________________ what you have read for the others.

Explain your 29____________________ to each other.

Write first draft of essay.

Exchange drafts and 30_______________.

Write final version of essay.

SECTION 4

Question 31

Choose ONE letter, A- D

Who are most likely to be the offenders of information-technology crime?

A. hackers and crackers
B. outsider users
C. employees
D. professional criminals

Questions 32-39

Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

COMPUTER CRIMES

Computer Crime Offender Types  Crimes Committed Reasons or Purposes
employees
  • intercept company communication
  • steal company’s 32__________
  • use IT for personal profit
  • steal 33 to sell
  • seek revenge for real or imaginary wrongs
  • show off their 34 over others
outsider users or 35__________ electronic connection get Electronic Data Interchange System
hackers& crackers
  • gain illegal access to company computer system for 36______________
  • gain illegal access to the system for evil purposes

 

  • get information for financial gain
  • shut down hardware
  • pirate software
  • destroy 37_____________
professional criminals use stolen information as a business 38________________ for illegal purposes
  • use 39 to trace illegal gambling debts
  • dealers use pagers as a link to drug buyers
  • forge checks, passports, etc.

Question 40

Complete the sentence below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for the answer.

40. Computer Emergency Response Team can offer international information and computer security service to_____________________.

Answer keys:

Section 1

1. B

2. A

3. not big enough/too small

4. too expensive / $400 a week

5. reasonably priced / $250 a week / cheap

6. 14a Station Road

7-8. C; E (in either order)

9-10. B; D (in either order)

Section 2

11. C

12. B

13. C

14-15. A; D (in either order)

16. 75

17. evening(s)

18. (four-course) dinner

19. 52

20. golf club

Section 3

21. A+/Aplus

22. lecture

23. B

24. pink slip

25. departmental)

26. Information Desk

27. 25p / 25 pence

28. summarise / summarize

29. essay plan(s)

30. (give) feedback

Section 4

31. C

32. trade secrets

33. hardware or information

34 power

35. suppliers and clients

36. (a / the) challenge

37. data

38. tool

39. databases

40. Internet users

BONUS EXERCISE: GAP-FILLING

The texts below are transcript for your IELTS Listening Practice Test. To make the most out of this transcript, we removed some words from the texts and replaced with spaces. You have to fill each space with the missing word by listening to the audio for this IELTS listening practice test.

SECTION 1

In this section you will hear a conversation between a house agent and Bahtt, an overseas student studying in Australia. Bahtt is enquiring about renting a place to live.

A = House Agent; B = Bahtt (female)

A: Good morning.

B: Good morning. Um.-.I’m looking for a place to rent near the university.

A: What are you after? A house, a flat…a room?

B: Well, [……………………….]a house, if that’s possible. There are three of us looking for [……………………….]altogether. We thought we might share if we could find something suitable.(Example)

A: So something near the university?

B: Yes, if that’s at all possible. We’re all students so it’d be good if we could find something within walking distance of the [……………………….].

None of us has a car and we don’t want to have to take [……………………….].

A: Yeah. Well, everybody wants that of course.

B: Yeah, I [……………………….]they do.

A: Are you in your first year?

B: No, I’ve been here a year already. Last year we all lived in a hall of [……………………….]. That was really great, even the food wasn’t too bad. We had a lot of fun there. But in the second year they kick you out into the real world!

A: OK, so let me have a look and see what we’ve got… Well, there’s a [……………………….]house in Newtown which is quite cheap.

B: That’d be good because it’s very near the university, but if we all want our own rooms it isn’t really big enough.

 A: Too small. Give that one a miss?

B: Yeah, 1 think so. Got anything else?

A: What about, this? A three-bedroom flat, close to the university… It’s [……………………….]a week.

B: Oh, that’s too [……………………….].

A: Alright, well… here’s something that might interest you. It’s a three-bedroom house with [……………………….].

B:        Not bothered about the garden, but where is it?

A         Near the airport.

B:        That’s miles from the university.

A         Yes. it is auite far. but it’s [……………………….]priced at [……………………….]a week. Why don’t you go and have a look?

B:        Oh…alright. We will. Can I have the address?

A:        Right, w’ell it's at [……………………….]. Botany.

B:        Is anyone living there at the moment?

A:        No, it's vacant.

B: Does it have any furniture?

A: Well, it says here that it’s well [……………………….].

B: What does that mean exactly?

A: Well, there's a kitchen table and chairs, two single beds, a  double bed, two [……………………….], a kitchen cooker and a washing & machine. Not bad really for the money.

B: Is there a fridge?

A: It doesn’t mention it here. I can let you have the key and you can pop round and see for yourself.

B: Right…thanks. We’ll do that.

A: Hello…you’re back. How did you find the house?

B: Well… not bad. It’s certainly large enough and there’s quite a big garden. But it’s completely [……………………….]. You can hardly get out the back door because the [……………………….]is so high. We’d have to have it. [……………………….]a bit before we moved in.

A: OK.

B: The kitchen is fine, but there’s an awful smell [……………………….]the house.

A: The place hasn't been [……………………….]for a couple of months, so that’s probably why it’s a bit [……………………….]. It’ll be fine when you open up the windows for a bit.

B: Yeah. Well, I think the [……………………….]ought to pay to clean the  &[……………………….]at least.

A: I can put that to him, though I’m not sure whether he’ll agree.

We can but ask.

B: OK. Well, if he does, we’d probably be interested…

SECTION 2

You will hear a recorded message giving information about an English hotel.

Welcome to the Bridge Hotel Information Line. The Bridge Hotel is part of the Compact group, which is a large [……………………….]of family- owned hotels offering a warm friendly [……………………….]and high quality service at [……………………….]prices. All of them cater for a wade range of people-from business to [……………………….]clients.

Set in a quiet [……………………….]area on the attractive outskirts of  Belford. About [……………………….]from the city centre, the Bridge Hotel is a – popular choice for [……………………….]. After recent refurbishment and expansion, it now has 25 [……………………….]and 20 singles. All 45 are en suite with TV and coffee-and-tea-making facilities.

The Bridge Hotel is set in three and a half [……………………….]of grounds with an open-air swimming pool and four tennis courts. Here is also a newly opened [……………………….]with fitness suit, which is considered one of the best [……………………….]in the area. Non-resident membership is available.

We have a fully licenced restaurant for residents and [……………………….], which provides a wide range of dishes with a particular focus on dishes from around the world.

For the [……………………….]business customers, we have designated business rooms with phone links allowing full [……………………….]. Our & conference facilities cater for up to [……………………….]and we are able to offer transport to guests to and from [……………………….]Airport at a small extra cost.

There now follows information about short break packages.

Welcome to the Bridge Hotel Short Breaks Information Line. We offer three packages: 2-day, 3-day and 5-day.

The 2-day break costs [……………………….]per person per night and includes full cooked breakfast and evening entertainment. Very popular for weekend get aways.

The 3-day break costs £60 per person per night and in addition to offers for the 2-day break, includes one four-course dinner. This allowrs guests to enjoy the full range of hotel [……………………….].

The 5-dav break costs £52 per person per night and, in [……………………….]to  offers from the 2- and 3-day breaks, includes free beauty [……………………….]on two days and a full-dav pass to the golf dub. This package is [……………………….]popular for couples wiio want a completely relaxing break.

If you would like more information about these special [……………………….], call Extension 3469 to speak to our Customer Service Manager, John Martin.

Thank you for calling the Bridge Hotel Information Line.

SECTION 3

You will hear three students talking about their study programmes.

E = Elaine; N = Neil; F = Fiona

N: Hi, Elaine, I was hoping I'd see you here. How're things?

E: All right. You?

N: Not bad, but I’m beginning to worry about that [……………………….].

E: What, the one on Theory and Practice?

N: Yes.

E: When’s it got to be in by?

N: Next Thursday, and I just can’t get to grip with it.

E: Yes, it’s a [……………………….]one. I’m hoping to get down to it over the weekend. I tell you what, there’s [……………………….]. Let’s see if she has any pearls of [……………………….]on the subject. She took the Theory and Practice option last year, didn’t she? And got an A+ for it, I think.

N: How does she do it?

E: Let’s ask her. Hi, Fiona. Hard at work?

F: Not exactly. The lecture’s just been cancelled, so I’ve [……………………….] got a free morning on my hands.

E: That's lucky. You’ve met Neil, haven’t you?

F: Yes.

E: We were just talking about the Theory and Practice assignment we've got to hand in next Thursday. Can we just pick your [……………………….]a moment?

F: How far have you got with it?

E: Well, still at the early [……………………….]really.

F: Are you? Well, one bit of advice I'd definitely give is not to spend hours [……………………….]through the [……………………….]– Theory's Crucible bv Jespersen: it really isn’t very helpful. I think the only reason they keep it on the reading list is that the library has got so many copies of it. Personally, I found the [……………………….]source – On Giants' Shoulders written by Piresi. Have you read it yet?

E: Piresi? I don’t think so.

F: That’s a great book. It must be on your reading list.

N: Right.

F: Another one I found very useful was the [……………………….]called something like Practical Theories by, was it Williams, or Willard? Yes, Willard. Also, if you want to look at case studies, that small book of Ron Brown’s has got some interesting stuff in – you know the one I mean?

N: Ron Brown, yes. I looked for it in the library but it was out on loan.       ,

F: Yes, it's a very popular book. Did you try the recall [……………………….]?

N: The what?

F: Don’t you use the recall system? You should, you know. You iust, have to take a pink slip from any of the [……………………….], fill the details of the book in, out vour departmental address on the back- vour departmental address, not vour home address-and hand the & slip in at the Information Desk. Then check the mail in your department [……………………….]. Say 10:00 in the morning and 3:00 in the afternoon, for a slip telling you the book is ready to collect. Last week I [……………………….]a book at lunch time and got the slip telling me it was ready just [……………………….]later. That wras [……………………….]: it usually takes 3 days.

N: T didn’t know’ you could do that. Is it expensive?

F: No. There’s a normal charge – [……………………….]a book. I think. It’s well worth it if you’re preparing for an assignment. Are you going to be working together on it?

N: Erm…I’m not sure.

E: I would, if I wrere you. You get so much more out of the assignment that way.

N: But surely the [……………………….]would notice that our [……………………….]were the same?

F: No, no. I’m certainly not [……………………….]you should actually write the thing together. I’m talking about when you first start on a big [……………………….]. I think it’s a good idea to find two or three others on the course who live near you, and divide up the reading load between you. Then you can meet up again a few days later and take it in turns to [……………………….]vour reading for each other. At the next stage you go round the group [……………………….]vour essav plan, which makes it easier for [……………………….]then to go off and write the first draft of their [……………………….]on their own. Later on you usually exchange drafts and give [……………………….]in the group, before finally writing your essays individually.

N: Did you really do all that?

F: Usually, yes. It makes the whole thing much easier and more [……………………….].’

N: Right. Well, I think I need another [……………………….]before getting started. Can I get you one?

F: Yes, why not.

SECTION 4

In this section, you will hear a talk given by Donn Parker, an expert on computer security, about the computer criminals.

Hi there.

As an expert on computer [……………………….], my job is to oversee and analyse the [……………………….]in computer users. Computers have been common place in our daily life, making our life and work [……………………….]and lively. However, with the development of computer [……………………….], computer crime has started to attract more people’s [……………………….]. NOWT in respect of this topic I will present some of my view’s and studies.

What kinds of people are [……………………….]most of the information- technology crimes?

According to my research, over [……………………….] may be employees, the rest are outside users, [……………………….]and [……………………….], and professional criminals. It is amazing that the [……………………….]account for this large proportion. Let us see them in detail.

Employees: Employees are those with the skills, the [……………………….], and the access to do bad things. [……………………….]or disgruntled employees pose a far greater problem than most people have [……………………….]. To most supervisors and some experts, they worry that dishonest employees or outsiders can more easily [……………………….] communications or steal company’s trade secrets. Workers may use information technology for personal profit or steal [……………………….]or information to sell. They may also use it to seek [……………………….]for real or imagined wrongs, such as being passed over for [……………………….]. Sometimes they mav use the technology simply to [……………………….]to themselves that they have power over people. This may have been the case with a Georgia [……………………….]employee [……………………….]of sabotaging the firm's computer system. As files [……………………….]disappeared and the system randomly [……………………….], other workers became so [……………………….]and enraged that they quit.

Outside users: Outside users are company’s suppliers and clients. They may also gain access to a company's information technology and use it to commit, crimes. With both, this becomes more a [……………………….]as electronic connections such as Electronic Data Interchange Systems become commonplace.

Hackers and crackers: What are hackers? Hackers are people who gain [……………………….]access to computer or [……………………….]systems for the challenge or even the principle of it. Crackers also gain unauthorised access to information technology but do so for [……………………….]purposes. Crackers [……………………….]to break into computers and [……………………….]obtain information for financial gain, to shut down hardware, pirate [……………………….], or destroy data. The [……………………….]for hackers as the benign explorer has [……………………….]. Most communications systems [……………………….]view any kind of unauthorised access as a [……………………….], and they pursue the offenders [……………………….]. And educators also try to point out to students that universities cannot provide an education for everybody if [……………………….]

Professional [……………………….]: Members of organised crime rings don't just steal information technology. They use it in a legal wav as a [……………………….]tool, but for illegal purposes. For instance, [……………………….]can be used to keep track of illegal gambling debts and [……………………….].

Drug dealers have used pagers as a link to [……………………….]. Microcomputers, scanners, and printers can be used to forge checks, [……………………….]papers, passports, and drivers’ [……………………….]. Telecommunications can be used to transfer funds [……………………….].

As information-technology crime has become more [……………………….], in 1988, after the last [……………………….]Internet break-in, the U.S. Department created the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), although it has no power to arrest or [……………………….]. CERT provides round-the-clock international information and security- related support services to users of the Internet. Whenever it gets a report of an electronic [……………………….], whether on the Internet or on a corporate E-mail system, CERT stands ready to lend [……………………….]. It counsels the party under attack, helps them [……………………….]the intruder, and evaluates the system [……………………….]to protect against future break-ins.

Practice every day to improve your IELTS listening skills. Don’t forget to visit IELTS Material website on a daily basis to find more practice tests for every skill in the IELTS Test.

Jobs Daily India

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 08:05 PM PDT

Jobs Daily India


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Indian Government Jobs

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 02:16 PM PDT

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Job Daily : Your Source for latest jobs

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 10:29 AM PDT

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Looking for a Part-time HR Consultant at Excel Eltech Inc and 31 more Part-time jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:16 AM PDT

Yuva Parivartan, RD ITI, and Care.fit have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 30+ new Part-time vacancies ‌

Urgently looking For CDD Head [ central Dealing desk Head ] Delhi at Anand Rathi and 18 more Retail jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:14 AM PDT

Wells Fargo, IKEA, and Axis Bank have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 19 new Retail vacancies ‌

Analyst at Barclays and 25 more Bank jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:14 AM PDT

Wells Fargo, IBM, and JP Morgan Chase have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 26 new Bank vacancies ‌

Technical Support Associate at IBM and 18 more IT jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:12 AM PDT

IBM, DXC, and Flipkart.com have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 19 new IT vacancies ‌

Project Assistant (PA-1) at CyGenica Pvt Ltd and 24 more Scientific jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:11 AM PDT

Siemens AG, Pfizer, and Bayer have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 25 new Scientific vacancies ‌

Online Tutor - Women Candidates Only at Whitehat Education Technology Pvt. Ltd. and 37 more Computer jobs for you!

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:10 AM PDT

Wells Fargo, IBM, and Pfizer have new jobs.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]> <![endif]--> 30+ new Computer vacancies ‌

economic news of india - world economic news - economics news for students - indian economy news

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 07:56 PM PDT

economic news of india - world economic news - economics news for students - indian economy news


A week to go for May 3, experts divided over the way out for India

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Mumbai: As India approaches the May 3 deadline for lifting the nationwide lockdown, top epidemiologists are divided over the future course of Covid-19 management and the strategy to be followed in getting the country back to work.Two veteran infectious diseases experts — Jayaprakash Muliyal and T Jacob John, who were at the forefront of the leprosy eradication and pulse polio immunisation programmes, respectively — feel it's time to end the lockdown, with one of them describing a long-term shutdown as akin to 'burning the house to kill a rat'.Experts from the official health establishment, however, advocate phased relief, with strict containment measures guided by surveillance mechanisms. They warn that achieving 'herd immunity' is a costly proposition that will result in a surge of positive cases, which will overwhelm the healthcare system."My advice is: Keep the elderly out of the picture for the time being, as the disease hurts them the most. So, we quarantine the old for two-three months and let the youngsters get to work," Muliyal told ET."Several of them will fall ill, unfortunately, but there will be adequate space in hospitals to treat them. So, mortality can be further reduced. And then, we reach the point of saturation, or herd immunity," he added.Act of Stopping Time: T Jacob JohnMuliyal has been a big proponent of the 'herd immunity' concept. This is a strategy where you let natural immunisation take place by a large population contracting the disease, thereby halting the spread of the infection.This controversial concept was initially promoted by UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, before the country reversed its stance on the issue. Recent random antibody testing in New York reveals that 20% of that city's population may have contracted Covid-19 and recovered on its own.According to Muliyal, herd immunity may already be developing in India as reports come in of people with sub-clinical and mildly clinical symptoms. "Along with epidemic, the natural immunisation process is also going on… all I am saying is, don't forget that," he said, adding the country needs to worry about availability of beds in hospitals. This disease seems to spare the young, as mortality rates in that segment are very low, Muliyal said.John described the lockdown as an act of stopping time. "It just froze time. Once you unfreeze time, whatever you stopped day before the lockdown, it will pick up. So, lockdown is not simply for reducing the transmission or flattening the curve, it is because you need time to prepare. And if you didn't prepare in two weeks, you won't be prepared in four weeks either," he told ET.John compared the lockdown effort for hunting the virus to the story of a 'clever man', who burnt down a house to kill a rat. "The lockdown was good for two weeks, three weeks was the upper limit. Anything more than that will be like burning the house down," he said.However, physical distancing measures must continue, John said. 75367090NEW NORMALAt the other end of the spectrum, two experts who are part of the National Task Force of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), said the country needs to get used to a new normal."The best post-lockdown strategy is to implement phased relief, with stricter containment measures guided by strong surveillance mechanisms. Herd immunity as a concept is mostly theoretical at this stage since reinfections are known to exist in communities that have had the infection earlier," said Giridhara Babu, an infectious diseases expert with the Public Health Foundation of India."I think the lockdown has been successful in keeping the burden low, helping in preparedness and scaling up testing. It has proven most models predicting a worse scenario wrong," said Sanjay Pujari, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.Pujari said herd immunity may be a good concept for infections with low morbidity and fatality rates. But in case of Covid-19, trying to achieve herd immunity will lead to a surge in cases which will overwhelm health systems."Imagine the burden when 50-60% of the population (the number needed to achieve herd immunity) is infected. Research on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is still evolving. It is better to achieve herd immunity by using a vaccine and in the meanwhile prevent getting infected with physical distancing, hand hygiene, cough etiquette and universal mask use," Pujari told ET.

India takes first step to normalcy today

Posted:

In a reprieve to public at large, the government on Friday night allowed opening of neighbourhood and stand alone shops, including those located in residential complexes within municipal areas, but at a 50 per cent strength and after taking necessary precautions.However, the order signed by Union Home Secretary Ajay Bhalla, made it clear that shops in market places, multi-brand and single brand malls located in municipality areas shall continue to remain closed till May 3.Amending its April 15 order, the Union Home Ministry said "all shops, including neighbourhood shops and standalone shops, shops in residential complexes, within the limits of municipal corporations and municipalities, registered under the the Shops and Establishment Act of the respective State and UT" will be allowed to open during the lockdown.The shops will mandatorily have 50 per cent strength of workers wearing of masks and following social distancing. Opening of neighbourhood shops is being seen as a relief to people who have been under lockdown since March 24 to contain the spread of novel coronavirus. The Home Ministry order comes on the eve of Muslim holy month Ramzan.The ministry also said shops located in registered markets located outside the municipal corporations and municipalities can open after following the drill of social distancing and wearing of masks but with 50 per cent of strength. However, single and muti-brands shall continue to remain closed in these areas also. "All shops registered under the the Shops and Establishment Act of the respective State/UT, including shops in residential complexes and market complexes, except shops in multi-brand and single brand malls, outside the limits of municipal corporations and municipalities, with 50 per cent strength of workers with wearing of masks and social distancing being mandatory" will be allowed to function. However, the exemptions will not be given in hotspots and containment areas.

Why Franklin fiasco must set off alarm bells

Posted:

Franklin Templeton India's move to freeze nearly Rs 31,000 crore worth of assets amid "significant reduction in liquidity and higher redemptions" has laid bare the problems with Indian debt papers, especially sectors to which the fund house has huge exposure.The six funds, which were closed down by the Indian arm of one of the world's biggest fund houses, are neck deep in sectors that have been in the news in recent times due to negative reasons.These funds have a huge exposure of Rs 14,564 cr to non-banking finance companies (NBFCs), Rs 5,532 crore to the power sector and Rs 3,480 crore to infrastructure and realty -- a combined Rs 23,567 crore ($3.07 billion) or 76.41 per cent of the total wealth under freeze, as per data available with Accord Fintech, a financial database manager.Analysts said the health of the debt papers of many of the companies in these sectors are likely to deteriorate even though the companies have taken steps to dodge lockdown blows. They were already dealing with a liquidity crunch even before the lockdown started."NBFCs are lenders to the high risk space of residential developers, whom banks are not very keen on lending. They will find an added level of difficulty in getting collection from residential developers," said Sachin Gupta, Senior Director, Crisil Ratings.RBI on Thursday tried to open a new line of credit to banks to facilitate targeting lending to NBFCs, but there were fewer takers for the arrangement, as banks are hesitant to increase exposure to NBFCs.This has aggravated the funding gap for NBFCs to Rs 50,000-60,000 crore, said Acuite Ratings. If this gap is not filled, it could be difficult for NBFCs and microfinance institutions to pay back their lenders, which includes Franklin. The fund house, while winding up the funds, said it would pay investors as and when these papers mature and the fund house manages to recover the amount.Franklin's total exposure (including the six shuttered funds) to NBFCs stood at Rs 18,000 crore, to power at Rs 5,778 crore and to realty and infrastructure at Rs 4,132 crore. And most of the asset manager's exposure to these three sectors was concentrated in these six funds.Gupta said among the builders, commercial developers are relatively better placed as their tenants are mostly large IT and BFSI companies. "But if the current situation prolongs, say for 3-6 months, even the commercial developers may feel some heat," he warned.With the lockdown, demand for power has dropped sharply as commercial establishments are shut. This will impact the revenue stream of distribution companies (discoms), say analysts."At this stage, the liquidity pressure has certainly tightened for discoms. They are the main counter-party for the power generation companies, and this is likely to translate into a liquidity crunch for some of the generators," said Manish Gupta, Senior Director, Crisil Ratings.He said discoms anyways stand on a weaker footing, so most of them will have below investment grade rating. "On the power generation side, private companies that do not have adequate liquidity buffers may face stress in the near term," he said.Among private power sector companies, Franklin has exposure to Renew Power Ventures, Tata-owned Coastal Gujarat Power, Narmada Wind Energy, Hero Future Energies, Vedanta's Talwandi Sabo Power and Jindal Power, among others.Similarly, among NBFCs, it has some of the largest exposure to papers of Shriram Transport, JM Financials, Indostar Capital, Edelweiss, Piramal Capital, Birla Group Holdings, Ess Kay Fincorp and Hero Fincorp, among others.Investors are now in a limbo and are keenly watching the health of these papers. Panicked, they have started withdrawing money from debt schemes of other fund houses."Investors feel mis-sold by the fund houses. They were told these schemes were as safe as bank fixed deposits. Even liquid funds, where people park their emergency funds, are going into losses. In my knowledge, even professional investors are now selling first and clarifying with the AMCs later. They are moving to bank FDs," said Ghanisht Nagpal, Convener of Delhi Investors Association.Equity investors, anticipating mass redemption from other fund houses, have dumped stocks of asset managers. Nippon India was one of the biggest losers on BSE on Friday, down 17.82 per cent, while HDFC AMC fell 6.38 per cent.Deepak Jasani, Head Of Research, HDFC Securities, said Franklin Templeton's decision shook up mutual fund industry."Coming after a series of NAV writedowns, this will not do any good for the risk-on sentiments of retail and HNI investors. This episode once again highlights the weakness in the secondary debt market in India, as these papers tend to get illiquid even on a small bout of negative micro and macro news," he said.

'Developing economies could see sharper recession'

Posted:

WASHINGTON: Senior World Bank officials on Friday warned that developing economies could see a deeper recession than currently expected if consumption and investment do not rebound quickly in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.In a blog posting on the Bank's website, the officials said the preliminary baseline scenario forecast a "grim" 2% drop in economic output in developing countries - the first contraction in these economics since 1960.But it said growth outcomes could be 'considerably worse' and output in those economies could drop by nearly 3% if just one of the Bank's assumptions failed to materialize, and investment and consumption did not rebound.

No more extentions for Infratel-Indus deal deadline beyond June 24: Akhil Gupta

Posted:

NEW DELHI: Bharti Infratel Chairman Akhil Gupta said that the merger with Indus Towers has been an "overhang" on the tower company, but he expects a final decision on whether to conclude the deal or not by June 24.Speaking to analysts a day after the company extended the long-stop date for closure of its merger deal for the fourth time, to June 24, Gupta said he was hopeful of completing the merger by the deadline. The fourth extension raised further concerns around the deal being closed, dragging the shares of India's only listed tower company 10% intraday day, before closing down 8.5% at Rs152.10 on the BSE."The merger deal has been an overhang on the company, but, the circumstances have been such that the uncertainty created has forced us to defer it and carry forward the long-stop date," Gupta said."I think with a fair degree of confidence I can say that this would be the last extension and within these two months the outcome will be decided one way or the other. Hopefully we should be able to complete the merger," he added. The companies had previously said that the deal depended on the resolution of the adjusted gross revenue (AGR) crisis, which has raised survival concerns around cash strapped Vodafone Idea.Thursday, Infratel posted a quarterly profit of Rs 650 crore, up 7% on-year boosted by lower tax and rise in gross and net tenancy additions. But net profit fell 18% on quarter.Analysts said the performance of India's only listed tower company was mainly dragged by provisioning for bad debt arising due to likely delay in payments from Vodafone Idea."Other expense increase in Indus is largely on account of provisions of Rs 193 crore for doubtful debt. If we combine other financial assets and total receivables, there has been an increase of Rs 73 crore on a combined basis (in overall receivables)," Gupta said.IIFL Securities believes the adjustment in the company's earnings pertains to estimated Rs 200 crore bad debt provision, pertaining to Vodafone Idea largely."BHIN has seen rise in receivable days in past 12 months and has now made provision for bad debt, which does not provide much comfort," another report by brokerage ICICI Securities said.Bharti Infratel's net tenancy base rose by 431, gross tenancy addition improved to 2,498, but rise in tenancy exits - 2,067 - is "disappointing. We see risk from higher than expected tenancy exits by VIL, and wait for update," the brokerage added.The company's fiscal fourth quarter costs increased 8% on year despite a 3% drop in power and fuel costs. With higher costs, its core earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (Ebitda) margin fell a sharp eight percentage point on year to 55%, CLSA added.While rent and employee costs increased 4%-6% on year, other costs for Infratel jumped 59% on year and 63% sequentially.CLSA though believes with the changing industry landscape amid tariff hikes, Vodafone Idea's insolvency risk is lower and a review of Infratel's merger terms with Indus would also be a positive.

Tata Trusts commences pan India campaign to prevent spread of COVID-19

Posted:

New Delhi: Tata Trusts on Friday said it has started a nationwide community outreach campaign to induce adoption of health practices, as promoted by the government, in rural areas to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Beginning March 31, the exercise is expected to have already reached about 1.2 crore people across 21 states, Tata Trusts said in a statement. The campaign '5 Kadam, Corona Mukt Jeevan', ranges from video messages in various local languages, even dialects, short animation videos and infographics to audio messages, and SMS-based messaging, it added. Tata Trusts said it has made publicly available through social media about 300 such videos and audio messages, in different languages, and dialects like Dongri, Kumaoni, Ladakhi, Garhwali, Santhali, Mundari, Kutchi (Gujarat) and Koborok (Tripura). Over 70 celebrities, including Nana Patekar, Harbhajan Singh, Atul Kulkarni and Sonali Kulkarni , have lent their support with video and audio messages, it added. Further, the Trusts have deployed more than 430 master trainers in these 21 states who in turn have trained a pool of over 8,700 community resource persons (village volunteers) to deliver the message, it said. "Through existing programmes, volunteers, associate organisations, community radios, village-based public address systems, and use of various internet and communication technologies, the programme is expected to have reached out to about 1.2 crore people till date," Tata Trusts said. MSS RUJ RUJ

ICICI Prudential Life Q4 preview: Lackluster earnings likely

Posted:

Mumbai: Life insurer ICICI Prudential Life Insurance will see muted fourth quarter earnings impacted by decline in insurance premium in light of the lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic.The private life insurers reported an aggregated 34.22 per cent decline in premiums in March from a year before. In total, their new premiums rose 11.64 per cent year-on-year (YoY) to Rs 80,919.40 crore for the year ended 31 March.In a note on April 11, HDFC Securities said it expects ICICI Prudential to report a total annualised premium equivalent (APE) decline of 14.3 per cent YoY in the fourth quarter as the company reported a 9.9 per cent decline in January-February sales.After these estimates were published, ICICI Prudential Life reported 32.26 per cent decline in first year premiums in March 2020 over March 2019, data on April 24 showed."We expect value of new business (VNB) margins to moderate to 20.6 per cent largely due to lower than expected scale," HDFC Securities said in the note.The key monitorables at the earnings announcement would be lockdown performance and FY21E sales guidance, protection share and persistency trend, margin levers and guidance, the brokerage said.In a note on April 24, Kotak Insitutional Equities pointed that weakness in capital markets and lower high ticket ULIPs have led to a sharp decline in APE (on a low base).Overall APE declined 47 per cent YoY in March 2020 translating to 19.5 per cent YoY decline in overall APE in 4QFY20 and 3 per cent decline for the year, the brokerage said. The share of ULIPs had dropped to less than 70 per cent in 9MFY20 from more than 80 per cent in 9MFY19 and will likely decline further, the brokerage warned."The share of annuity and protection mix in overall APE will increase and aid VNB. In our view, higher tax rate post removal of DDT will also impact EV and VNB in FY2021E, in a significant manner," Kotak analysts said in the note.Kotak expects 270 basis points quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) decline in VNB margins to 18.3 per cent in the March quarter.

View: Why you are not one of the world’s greatest investors

Posted:

By Barry RitholtzHow would you like to generate 40 per cent annual returns for three decades? Build a firm with billions of dollars under management that's the envy of the industry? Become so influential that your peers -- assuming you have any -- are so in awe of you they are afraid to discuss you with the media?Sounds great, right? Well, forget about it. Jim Simons, the quant whiz who built teams of computer science wizards and math geniuses into Renaissance Technologies, is a once-in-a-lifetime talent. We learned from journalist Gregory Zuckerman that Simons's fund returned an insane 40 per cent annually. This year, according to Zuckerman, the firm's flagship Medallion fund is up 24 per cent after costs. Before fees, in the midst of the conoravirus crisis, the fund gained 39 per cent.But here's the thing: You are not Jim SimonsWhat about Pershing Square Capital Management LP, run by Bill Ackman? Concerned about the impact of the coronavirus, Ackman hedged the fund's equity positions by buying credit default swaps on various investment-grade and high-yield indexes. As the markets tumbled 35 per cent, the trade netted the fund more than $2 billion. Nope, you are not Bill Ackman either. Neither am I.Oaktree Capital's Howard Marks was thinking past the housing crisis in 2006-07 when he decided to raise a $3 billion distressed-debt fund. It became so oversubscribed he had to set up a second fund. Oaktree ended up raising $11 billion to buy distressed assets when everyone else was panic selling. The returns were spectacular.And sorry, but we are not Howard Marks, either.There are two critical aspects to these examples: First, they reflect what rare outliers these traders are. This has nothing to do with historical equity returns of 8 per cent to 10 per cent. What makes these returns so astonishing is that they are so far outside the usual distribution curve.Second, these are all stark examples of survivorship bias. We read much less about the funds that made black-swan bets and proceeded to go south. Remember those who were counting on hyperinflation in the 2010s? Bitcoin since 2017? Short the VIX, or long oil this year? Short U.S. Treasuries for, I don't know, forever? Anyone who was on the wrong side of those trades -- and there were legions of money managers who were -- do not send out press releases touting their results; instead, they lay off staff, return what little capital is left to their investors and quietly wind down.There is an unhealthy tendency among us to look at the most successful traders and investors with envy. The desire to imitate those accomplishments is powerful, compelling – not to mention dangerous. Yet these are one-of-a-kind experts with unique skill sets, deep insights and decades of experience that make them inimitable.The same thing can happen when we watch amazing athletes such as Roger Federer or Tiger Woods and think to ourselves, "I could do that." Their talent makes it look easy. Except it's not and we can't. The genius of the 1992 "Be Like Mike" Gatorade commercial speaks directly to that naive belief. You and I are about as likely to achieve 40 per cent annual market returns as we are to win six National Basketball Association championships.But remember, perhaps basketball's greatest outside shooter, Stephen Curry, did not try to "Be like Mike." Instead, he honed his skills and blazed his own, different trail. Today, kids want to be like Steph. The aspiration is fine, but someday maybe they will realize the odds are better at succeeding on their own terms. Just out of curiosity, I entered the phrase "invest like Warren Buffett" in a Google search. It yielded 78,600 hits. But Buffett has spent 60 years studying what makes for a great undervalued investment. He had patient investors who gave him space to prove himself. In Charlie Munger, he found a partner who complemented his decision-making process.And no, you are not Warren Buffett.But here is the thing: You don't need to be. At least, you don't need to be any of these people in order to achieve the investment returns that will ensure a comfortable retirement. Your temperament is different from that of Munger or Simons or Buffett or Marks or whomever. We look at these fantastic wealth-creating trades and waste our time wondering, Why not me? Instead, find an investment style that suits your personality, available time and interests as opposed to trying to match those with whom you have nothing in common.All of these Hall of Fame investors are accessible via podcasts or YouTube. You can spend countless hours listening to the likes of Ray Dalio, Felix Zulauf, Bill Miller, Jeremy Grantham, Jeff Gundlach, Bill Gross — just about anyone you care to learn from. For the curious investor, you can hear how they found a process that suited them, their skills and their own unique capabilities.In the "The Money Game," Adam Smith wrote "If you don't know who you are, the market is an expensive place to find out." Instead of trying to imitate the greats, understand your own personality: Find a style that emphasizes your strengths while working to address your weaknesses.Be like you.(This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of economictimes.com, Bloomberg LP and its owners)

HCL Tech lends tech to help TN govt fight Covid 19

Posted:

New Delhi: The country's third largest software services firm HCL Technologies has been roped in by the government of Tamil Nadu to set up a Disaster Management - Data Analytics Center to fight off the COVID 19 pandemic.HCL is also helping to expand the state's disaster management helpline (1070) through technological upgradation, manpower assistance and effective reporting mechanisms, it said in a statement.The center which will be housed in Chennai and supported by HCL will help capture data trends from across all districts of Tamil Nadu in real time and display them live to inform the Government's future decisions on degree of response needed for each district and also for graded relaxation of the current lockdown to resume economic activities.J. Radhakrishnan, Principal Secretary/Commissioner of Revenue Administration and State Relief Commissioner said, "Our improved disaster management helpline will enable us to respond to citizens' queries in a timely and effective manner and also capture insights from the same to define future course of action."

Pressure mounts on BS Yediyurappa to rework govt staff pay

Posted:

Bengaluru: The Union Cabinet's decision to freeze the DA of its employees till July 2021 and Kerala's decision to absorb a month's salary of its employees to the CM's relief fund to fight Covid-19 has put pressure on chief minister BS Yediyurappa to bite the bullet.The chief minister or the Karnataka Cabinet is yet to take a call on reworking pay and compensation package of its employees in the face of a sharp drop in revenues, and enormous pressure on the finance department to meet the rising demand for funds for Covid-19-related activities and the farm sector.The chief minister had told ET last week that he will take a decision in two weeks after assessing the situation.Karnataka's salary and pension bill per month comes to about Rs 5,500 crore, and the state has been able to hold on because of the impressive GST collections last month on account of good business climate in February. The commercial tax department does not have any hopes of decent collections over the next two months because of the host of relief announced by the ministry of finance to dealers on GST remittances. The department can hope to have considerable collections only in June. All other major revenue sources for the Karnataka government such as liquor sales, property and vehicles registration are nearly dry.Several IT companies such as TCS, Infosys and Wipro have deferred annual increments.

View: Millennials face second age of underemployment

Posted:

By Rachel RosenthalIn a matter of weeks, the economic hit from the coronavirus has wiped out a decade's worth of employment gains. On Thursday, a report showed US jobless claims rose by another 4.4 million, bringing the five-week total to more than 26 million. That's the steepest downturn for the American labor market since the Great Depression. More troubling for any long-term recovery, however, may be those who keep their jobs but watch their careers stall. Here's where a lesson from 2008 might be useful.For many millennials, the Great Recession wasn't a crisis of unemployment so much as job stagnation and underemployment – putting in fewer hours than desired, or not tapping one's full range of skills and productivity. I lived my own version of this, having started my first real job a month after the collapse of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. Grateful simply to be employed, I looked past the unglamorous task of writing earnings headlines from press releases, which are now cranked out by algorithms. I was bringing in a mid-five-figure salary and felt like a millionaire.My gratitude slowly calcified into frustration as I found myself stuck at the same desk for four years. I wasn't alone. For every story like mine there was a sales representative too discouraged to apply for that regional-manager role, a part-time retail clerk who couldn't get a regular weekday shift, or even that sorry banking analyst who couldn't progress beyond plugging data into Excel. All this has a cost: While the US shed more than 30 million jobs and $10 trillion in household wealth during the financial crisis, the pile of earnings lost to underemployment reached $148 billion in the final three months of 2009, by some estimates.The impact from the coronavirus will be even worse. The International Labour Organization expects 195 million full-time job losses globally, and forecasts a "significant rise" in underemployment. As frustrating as it may be for white-collar professionals to get stuck, the hardest hit will include low-wage workers and the less-educated, who never really found their feet after 2008. That fractured bedrock means we're even more vulnerable going into the Covid-19 downturn than we were just over a decade ago.This might seem like a brisk turn of events. As recently as February, the U.S. recorded its lowest unemployment rate in half a century. Dig one level deeper, though, and you'll see why that 3.5% doesn't tell the full story. A more holistic gauge of labor-market health may be the so-called U-6 category, which includes those who aren't working but indicate that they want a job, as well as those who want full-time work but have to settle for fewer hours. Even in February, that figure was double the official level – at 7%.If there's one thing to watch, it's the gap between these two numbers, says Torsten Slok, chief economist at Deutsche Bank Securities. That could indicate the strength of any recovery. Keep in mind, though, even the U-6 category doesn't capture job stagnation among the fully employed.The idea that underemployment is underappreciated isn't new. In 2019, Dartmouth College professor David Blanchflower published the book, "Not Working: Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone?" He uses the U.S. and U.K. labor forces to illustrate the puzzle of minimal wage growth and record low unemployment. Economics 101 tells us it should be just the opposite — a tight job market should increase pay checks. The catch, he says, is underemployment.Consider Hank, the part-time worker who's too downbeat to apply to a full-time gig. He flicks on the news and sees encouraging headlines about the job market. Stirred to dust off his resume, he feels lucky to land an offer relatively quickly. But because he's been operating at half-speed for so long, Hank has very little bargaining power when it comes to salary negotiations. So while it's heartening that he's been added to the workforce, Hank's not contributing much to higher average wages.Other research shows just how pernicious working below potential can be. In 2014, Tim Slack of Louisiana State University and Leif Jensen of Pennsylvania State University pointed out that underemployment persisted long after the recovery from the global financial crisis: After averaging 15.5% from 2002 to 2008, the rate increased to an average of 22.4% from 2009 to 2012. It's entirely possible that we see a relatively quick rebound in unemployment once the coronavirus subsides: Deutsche Bank expects the figure to spike to 12% in the second quarter and roughly halve by the end of the year. Underemployment, however, could haunt the labor market for years to come.The knee-jerk policy response has been to ramp up unemployment benefits, adding $600 to the weekly amount given by states, at least temporarily. Similar measures have been effective in the past: Every dollar of spending on the extension of such aid produced $1.61 of economic activity in the first quarter of 2009, according to the Brookings Institution. One watershed component of the U.S.'s coronavirus relief bill was including coverage for part-time and gig-economy workers. The latter could equate to more than 25 million Americans, if not more.Yet unemployment offices around the country are so overwhelmed with requests – and beset by ancient technology – that there's little time, money or political will to devote resources toward opening up more opportunities for people who've already got jobs. Multiple states are quickly running out of funds. In Connecticut, the 40-year old computer system that processes unemployment benefits can't handle four-digit payments: Adding the supplemental $600 will push the highest eligible payout to $1,249, the Wall Street Journal noted.For the unemployed, the answer is bigger stimulus checks. The $1,200 handout many Americans will receive look generous at first; if you consider a median weekly wage of roughly $900, however, that outlay buys little more than a week or two for many households, Slok notes. For the underemployed, who have the benefit of time, a simple solution would be to make job-search expenses tax deductible again – a measure that expired with the passage of the Trump administration tax cuts in 2017.There are many eulogies floating around for millennials these days. Now sandwiched between two economic calamities, we've racked up a lot of debt, saved very little and flooded into informal jobs with few worker protections, such as paid sick leave and retirement benefits. The Atlantic is calling us the "lost generation," while the Journal has documented the effects of "recession depression."By accident of birth, I had access to an education that's opened doors — and I've certainly managed to find my way. But even with this golden passport, it took me several years and moving across continents to get where I wanted. Millions of other Americans aren't so lucky.

How to of the Day

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:34 PM PDT

How to of the Day


How to Make a Homemade Weight Set

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT

Weights for improving your strength and fitness can be made out of many common household items. Milk jugs, canned goods and assorted everyday objects can help you stay in shape. So save your money and keep fit all at once!

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Making Lighter Homemade Weights

  1. Use a milk jug. Fill a clean, plastic gallon jug with water, sand, rocks, or concrete. Make sure that the jug has a handle; you will use this to complete your exercise reps. Use the handles to lift and lower the jug like you would any hand weight or dumbbell.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 1 Version 8.jpg
    • With milk jug hand weights, you can do bicep curls, tricep exercises, bent-over rows, pec flyes, deadlifts, and shoulder raises.
    • You can also hold these weights to your sides when you are doing squats or lunges.
  2. Lift canned goods. Canned goods that fit into your hands work well as simple hand weights. This is especially good if you are starting out and trying to build muscles slowly. Use larger canned goods as heavier weights or medicine balls.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 2 Version 8.jpg
  3. Make dumbbells from plastic water bottles. Instead of recycling your plastic water and soda bottles, refill them with water, or put pebbles or sand in them instead. When filling them, make sure to weigh them so the weights are the same for both hands. Lift the bottles like you would any dumbbell.[1]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 3 Version 8.jpg
  4. Make arm weights with water bottles. Instead of using the water bottles for hand weights, this method attaches multiple bottles to your arms like wrist weights. Before you put them on your arms, fill them with sand. For heavier weights, add water after you fill them completely with sand.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 4 Version 8.jpg
    • When they are filled, scotch tape the plastic bottles all the way around your forearm. The tape does not touch your skin; it only touches the bottles to hold them together. You can also use duct tape, just don't attach it to your skin. Place the bottles just tight enough so they do not slide off your arms.
  5. Make a weighted medicine ball from a basketball. Take an old basketball and drill a hole into one of the black stripes. The hole should be big enough to funnel in the weighted material. Place a funnel in the hole and fill with sand or pebbles until you have achieved the desired weight. Use a bike tire patch kit to fill the hole. You can also use duct tape if you don't have a tire patch kit.[2] The repurposed ball can now be used just like a medicine ball.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 5 Version 8.jpg
  6. Make wrist weights from socks. Fill a clean sock with dry beans. Alternately, use pebbles or small craft rocks for a heavier weight. Sew or glue the open end of the sock closed. Then, sew the ends together, or sew Velcro onto the ends so you can remove it easily.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 6 Version 8.jpg
    • Use a scale to adjust the weight. Fill the sock as full as you want based on weight and then cut the excess fabric. If you want to make heavier weights but the inside material won't fit, use a larger sock.
    • When choosing a sock, make sure to choose one long enough to wrap around your wrist. If the sock is too long, fill it until it will wrap around your wrist, then cut the excess fabric before closing the end.
  7. Use packets of rice or beans. These packages are great for mini-weights if you are a beginner. You can use them right from the cabinet for bicep curls and other small weight-lifting moves.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 7 Version 8.jpg
  8. Cut bicycle tire tubes into hand weights. Take a bicycle inner tube and cut it into equal lengths. Secure one end of the tube with duct tape, then fill the tube with sand. Close the other end with duct tape. You can either leave them flat or bend them into circles until the two ends are touching and secure the ends together with duct tape.[3]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 8 Version 6.jpg
    • This is a great method for making weights of different sizes. Start with 1 or 3 pounds. You can also try 5 or even 8 pound weights. Use a scale to weight out the weights before you close them.
  9. Make a weighted vest. Get a fishing vest or a vest with multiple small pockets. Fill plastic bags with sand or concrete and place in all the pockets. Run, do pull ups, push ups, or go walking while wearing the weighted vest.[4]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 9 Version 6.jpg
  10. Use paint cans. Hold paint cans in your hands by their handles. Most paint cans are a little heavier than plastic bottles or cans of food, so you can use them as you build muscle. The handles allow you to use the cans like dumbbells.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 10 Version 6.jpg

[Edit]Making Heavier Homemade Weights

  1. Use buckets. Fill a bucket with sand, rocks, concrete, or even water. Use it to do curls or attach two of them to a bar or board and use as a bench press.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 11 Version 6.jpg
  2. Make a barbell with water bottles. Take 2 packs of 6 bottles each and duct tape them symmetrically to an iron bar you can grip easily. This barbell will be good for any exercise you do with a barbell, like lifts and presses.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 12 Version 6.jpg
    • If these 2 packs are too much, don't use half filled bottles. Half-filled bottles will slosh around and shake the bar. Instead, tape individual filled bottles to the bar.
    • If 2 packs aren't enough, use four or six packs of bottles taped to the bar. Alternately, tape individual bottles to each end of the bar. First line them horizontally along the bar side by side, then stack them on top of each other. Make sure to leave plenty of room for your hands to grip the bar in wide and narrow grips.
    • The taping must be functional. Make horizontal, vertical, and diagonal rounds to wrap the packs to the bar.
  3. Find old tires lying around the yard. Tires are used in many workout and bodybuilding routines. You can add additional weights to regular tires when doing workouts, or you can go to a junkyard and find tractor tires. Flipping them and tying a rope to them to pull behind you are only two ways you can use a tire as a weight.[5]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 13 Version 6.jpg
  4. Build a slosh tube. Slosh tubes are long plastic tubes filled with about 40 pounds of water. But the workout benefits come from the uneven, sloshing water, which makes you use muscles as you try to keep the water balanced as it goes from one end of the tube to the other. You can make your own slosh tube with a PVC pipe. The pipe should be about 4 inches in diameter and 9-10 feet long. Place a cap on one end, then fill the pipe halfway with water. Cap the other end.[6]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 14 Version 6.jpg
  5. Use a duffle bag to make a sandbag. Sandbags are similar to slosh tubes in that they are unstable, shifting weights that require you to engage more muscles. To make an easy sandbag, fill 5 or 6 gallon freezer bags with sand. You want the sandbag to be around 50 or 60 pounds. Double bag the bags so they don't break, and then tape the end. Place the bags into the duffle bag. Zip up the duffle bag, and you are ready to work out![7]
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 15 Version 6.jpg
    • An alternate way to make a sandbag is to use an old army/navy rucksack or canvas laundry bag. Use contractor garbage bags to fill with pea gravel. You can fill them with 10, 20, or 25 pounds. Fill 5 or 6 bags with gravel, and secure them with duct tape. Add them to the bag until your desired weight.[8]
    • Add and remove bags of sand or gravel for different weights. Use a scale to determine how heavy the bag is before you start working out, and add or remove weight accordingly. If you don't want to change the weight, you can add the sand or gravel directly into the bag. You cannot easily remove the weight or add weight if you do this.
    • Make sure to leave some room in the interior bags so the sand or gravel can move around.
    • If you are adding a large amount of weight, use a sturdier duffle bag.

[Edit]Making Homemade Kettlebells

  1. Use a milk or juice jug. Fill a clean, plastic gallon jug or bottle with water or sand. Make sure that the jug has a handle; this is needed to complete kettlebell exercises.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 16 Version 6.jpg
  2. Use old paint cans as kettlebells. Since old paint cans are meant to withstand being swung around, they can make great improvised kettlebells. Simply repurpose your paint can dumbbells to use in kettlebell exercises.
    Grow Lotus Flower Step 4 Version 2.jpg
  3. Make a kettlebell out of a potato sack. Purchase a potato, rice, or sugar shipping sack, which can be found at most grocery stores. Fill the sack with sand until you have reached the desired weight. At the top of the sack, tie a loop for your hand. Use rope or duct tape to secure the loop so it doesn't detach. You can reinforce the sides and bottom of the bag with duct tape.
    Make a Homemade Weight Set Step 18 Version 6.jpg
    • You can use this method to make multiple kettlebells of different weights. Use a scale to measure out how many pounds you are putting into the sacks before tying the top of the sack.

[Edit]Homemade Weight Ideas

[Edit]Warnings

  • Test the homemade weights carefully before using them in intense workouts. You want to make sure the tape is secure or that nothing will fall out or off and hurt you.
  • If using a homemade barbell as described or otherwise, make sure to employ spotters as appropriate to ensure your safety. This is especially important in the bench press, where muscular failure could result in a crushed larynx or worse.
  • Be careful with your homemade kettlebell; if your wrist hurts after (or during) your workout, stop using it and buy a kettlebell.
  • Always consult with a doctor or qualified health professional before beginning an exercise program.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

How to Hook a Fish

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 09:00 AM PDT

Hooking a fish may seem like it's a no-brainer, but there's a right way to do it if you want to be successful. Choosing and using the right lure will help increase your chances of hooking a fish. Whenever a fish bites your lure, you need to set the hook quickly and properly so you can snag its lip, preventing it from getting away. It's also important that you reel a fish in correctly in order to keep it hooked so you can pull it out of the water.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Using the Right Lure

  1. Choose a floating lure so you can see when a fish bites. Topwater, or floating lures, are the most popular and the easiest lures you can use. Their bright colors make them easier to see in the water and they'll attract fish to them so all you have to do is cast them out and wait for fish to take the bait.[1]
    Hook a Fish Step 1.jpg
    • Some floating lures, like the flies used in fly fishing, rest on the surface of the water.
    • Floating lures are often lightweight so they don't sink too far, which can make them difficult to cast long distances.
  2. Go with a suspending lure to mimic a baitfish. Choose a suspending lure to entice larger fish by presenting them with what looks like an easy meal. A suspending lure hovers between the surface of the water and the bottom and acts as a baitfish to fool larger fish into eating it.[2]
    Hook a Fish Step 2.jpg
    • Common suspending lures include crankbaits, slash baits, and jerk baits.
    • Suspending lures are useful for catching freshwater fish such as bass, as well as saltwater fish such as redfish.
    • Use a suspending lure in cold weather to attract slower moving fish.
  3. Reel subsurface lures to you to attract larger fish. A subsurface lure floats just below the surface of the water and is meant to be continuously reeled in in order to resemble a fish moving through the water. The sound and movement of the lure through the water will attract larger fish to it.[3]
    Hook a Fish Step 3.jpg
    • Reel in the lure at a steady, slow pace to make it look realistic to predatory fish.
    • Many subsurface lures are designed to mimic injured baitfish, which makes them seem like an easy target for larger fish.
    • You can catch both fresh and saltwater fish such as mullet, bass, redfish, and drum with subsurface lures.
  4. Select a sinking lure to catch larger freshwater fish. Sinking lures, also known as jigs, begin to sink as soon as you cast them into the water. As you reel it in, the lure will stay at a lower level in the water, which is where larger fish are much more likely to be.[4]
    Hook a Fish Step 4.jpg
    • Use sinking lures to catch large bass and other big freshwater fish.
  5. Cast your fishing line in an area likely to have fish. Hold the rod with your dominant hand and press the reel spool release button. Then, bring the rod up and back toward your shoulder and sweep it forward in front of you as you remove your thumb from the spool reel to cast your pole. When the lure lands in the water, turn the knob forward until it clicks to keep anymore line from coming out. Aim for an area where fish are swimming by or congregating so they'll see your lure.[5]
    Hook a Fish Step 5.jpg
    • When you're casting your line, reel it in so your bait is hanging about from the tip of the fishing rod.
    • Look for areas with obstructions that fish will want to congregate next to such as logs, large rocks or structures, or small channels away from the moving water.

[Edit]Setting the Hook

  1. Reel in the slack so you can feel when a fish bites. Gently turn the knob on your reel to remove the slack from the fishing line. You will be able to feel the lure at the end of the line as it moves or floats through the water. A taut line will allow you to feel when a fish nibbles or bites so you can know when to set the hook.[6]
    Hook a Fish Step 6.jpg
    • If your lure or bait moves in the water and the line slackens, reel it in gently to make the line taut again.
  2. Keep your fishing pole still and allow the fish to nibble at your bait. Fish are easily startled by noise or sudden movements, so if you feel a fish begins to nibble at your lure, stop reeling in, and remain as motionless as you can to allow the fish to take the bait.[7]
    Hook a Fish Step 7.jpg
    • Small bumps or nibbles may not be enough to successfully hook the fish, so don't try to set your pole as soon as you feel a small bite.
  3. Wait until the fish begins to swim away with your bait. You'll know a fish has really taken a bite of your lure when you see your line moving. Wait until you feel a strong tug and then look to see if your line is moving around for a sign that a fish has completely taken your bait.[8]
    Hook a Fish Step 8.jpg
    • If you're using a bobber, wait until you see the bobber go completely beneath the surface of the water.
  4. Snap the rod up into the air to set the hook in the mouth of the fish. As soon as you feel the big tug of a fish taking your bait on the line, jerk the rod up and back into the air. The hook will snag the lip of the fish and it will start to fight to get away. Start slowly reeling in the fish, but don't strain the fishing line too much or it may break.[9]
    Hook a Fish Step 9.jpg
    • Avoid setting the hook multiple times or you could pull it out of the mouth of the fish.
    • Use 1 snapping motion to set the hook rather than multiple jerks.

[Edit]Reeling in a Hooked Fish

  1. Keep the tip of your fishing rod up as you reel. Avoid cranking the pole and reeling the fish in as fast as you can or you could pop your line or lose the fish. Instead, allow the fish to tire itself out as you keep your fishing pole held up. Move the pole from side to side to allow the line to follow the fish so it doesn't build up too much tension.[10]
    Hook a Fish Step 10.jpg
    • Keeping the rod at about a 45-degree angle with the tip pointed up keeps the line from dragging too much.
  2. Make sure the line stays tight so the fish can't escape. Keep the line taut as you're fighting the fish. Reel in any slack that's created by the fish moving through the water. A loose line could cause the hook to slip out of the mouth of the fish and allow it to get away.[11]
    Hook a Fish Step 11.jpg
    • Don't strain the line or it could break.
    • Allow the fish to fight until it tires itself out and starts to build up slack in the line that you can easily reel in.
  3. Bring the fish in close enough to you to grab out of the water. In time, the fish will tire out and it will become easier for you to reel it in. Continue reeling the fish until it's close enough for you to reach down and grab the line.[12]
    Hook a Fish Step 12.jpg
    • When the fish is close enough for you to see it, check to see if it looks tired and is rolled over on its side. It will be easier to take out of the water.
  4. Grab the line to pull the fish out of the water. Reach down and take a firm hold of the fishing line just above the water. Use 1 smooth motion to pull the fish from the water. The fish will likely continue to jerk and fight, so quickly place it into a net, in the boat, or on the land away from the water so it can't escape.[13]
    Hook a Fish Step 13.jpg
    • Hold the fish down with 1 hand and use the other to pull the hook from its mouth.
    • If you aren't planning to keep the fish, gently release it back into the water after you remove the hook.

[Edit]References

How to Minimize Sound in an Apartment

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 01:00 AM PDT

The downside of living in an apartment is noise. You try to stay quiet to avoid disturbing your neighbors, and you have to deal with the noise they make. While common tricks to reduce noise include adding more insulation to the walls or replacing the doors and windows, you probably can't do these things if you're renting an apartment. Fortunately, there are plenty of little tricks you can use to block your own sounds and prevent your neighbors' noise from disturbing you.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Muffling Your Noise

  1. Cover hardwood floors with area rugs or carpet tiles. Hardwood floors are a huge sound amplifier, especially if someone lives below you. Reduce the sound you create by putting some area rugs around the apartment. Focus on areas that you walk a lot to muffle your footsteps.[1]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 1.jpg
    • If your floors are very noisy, put pads under the carpeting for more noise insulation.
    • Putting rugs on the floor works both ways, because they can muffle sounds coming from your downstairs neighbors as well.
    • As an extra courtesy, take your shoes off when you're walking around your apartment. Shoes on hardwood floors are very noisy, especially if someone lives below you.
  2. Hang soft materials on the walls. Flat, hard walls amplify sounds coming in and leaving your apartment. Break up those sound waves with some soft items on the walls. Good options include canvas paintings, foam designs, or decorative fabrics. Focus on hanging these items on shared walls to prevent your noise from bothering your neighbors.[2]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 2.jpg
    • Just like with carpeting, this trick works both ways and blocks outside noise from getting in as well.
    • Hard items like picture frames will also help, just not as well as softer items.
    • If you don't have any suitable items, you could also hang blankets or sheets against the wall for a similar, though less decorative, effect.
  3. Point speakers away from shared walls or the floor. TV and surround-sound speakers cause a lot of vibrations that could bother your neighbors. Angle them so they don't face shared walls or the floor if you live above someone. Keep them focused towards where you'd be sitting to prevent the sound from spreading.[3]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 3.jpg
    • If your speakers are built to point down and you can't adjust them, put them on a rug or mat. This muffles their sound.
    • You could also rearrange your apartment if the speakers aren't adjustable. For example, move the TV off a shared wall to a wall that points outside.
  4. Unplug your electronics when they're not in use to reduce hum. When multiple electronics are working in the same space, they can produce an ambient hum. Avoid the noise by unplugging all of your devices that aren't in use. If you're done with your computer, for example, unplug the charger.[4]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 4.jpg
    • You might not notice a hum from your devices, but it could vibrate your neighbors' walls and disturb them. You might even subconsciously turn the TV up or talk louder to drown out the hum.
  5. Add acoustic paneling to your laundry room walls if you have one. If you have a washer and dryer in your apartment, then doing laundry will make a lot of noise. Soundproof your laundry room by hanging acoustic panels in the room. Cover all the walls for the best results.[5]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 5.jpg
    • You can buy acoustic panels online or from hardware stores.
    • Acoustic panels usually attach with sawtooth hangers, which require drilling some small holes. Landlords usually allow this, but check with yours to make sure.
    • If you can't find acoustic panels, foam sections will also work. Look for pieces with ridges and face them towards the room to break up the sound.

[Edit]Blocking Noise from Neighbors

  1. Place furniture against shared walls. If your neighbors are noisy, then you can block their sounds with furniture. Arrange your apartment so heavy furniture is against your shared wall. This will break up sound when it enters your apartment.[6]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 6.jpg
    • One of the best choices is a solid bookcase. If you can afford it, you can have a bookcase that covers the entire wall. A few smaller ones will also work.
    • You could also place your cabinet or dresser along the shared wall. These solid pieces of furniture can block sound as well.
  2. Place plants along walls to muffle sound. If you don't have enough furniture to block your neighbor's noise, plants are an inexpensive alternative. Use leafy plants like anthurium, peace lily, or snake plants for the best effect. Arrange them along shared walls to muffle incoming sounds.[7]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 7.jpg
    • Place plants on your windowsills to block outdoor noise too.
    • Plants will also block your sound, so they can prevent you from bothering your neighbors as well.
  3. Use heavy window drapes to block outdoor noise. A lot of noise comes in through your windows. The best way to block this out is with heavy drapes that can muffle incoming sounds. Hang these on all your windows and keep them closed at night to prevent noise from waking you up.[8]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 8.jpg
    • Many drapes advertise that they are noise-cancelling, so you'll have plenty of choices. Look for a product that matches your décor and has good reviews for blocking sounds.
  4. Install window inserts if the outside noise is very bad. If drapes aren't enough to block outdoor noise, thick window inserts can help. There are several types. Some are just rubber inserts that plug gaps between the window and windowsill, and others are full, clear sheets that cover the whole window. Look in a hardware or home goods store for your options and follow the installation instructions that come with it.[9]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 9.jpg
    • Some window inserts block the window from opening when they're installed. If you open your windows often, make sure you get a product that doesn't block them.
    • A similar, more permanent solution, is adding a line of caulk around the window border. This requires a landlord's permission, so ask them first.
  5. Use a draft blocker to fill the space under your door. If there are any gaps in your door, noise will be able to enter. Use a door draft blocker to plug that opening and prevent more sound from getting in.[10]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 10.jpg
    • Look for a product made of foam or thicker fabric to block noise. For the best results, use one that stretches under the door and extends up on the other side. Door sweeps are less effective because they only cover one side of the door, but they're better than nothing.
    • This will keep heat from escaping your apartment, so you won't have to turn your thermostat up. It also helps keep your apartment cooler in the summer.
    • If there are more spaces in the door besides on the bottom, try hanging a sheet or drapes over your door to block the noise.
  6. Hang ceiling clouds to stop sound waves. Ceiling clouds are pieces of foam that block sound waves. They're usually used in theaters, but they can also help if you have noisy upstairs neighbors. Get a pack from the hardware store and follow the installation instructions for the best results.[11]
    Minimize Sound in an Apartment Step 11.jpg
    • Check with your landlord before hanging these tools. You may need to put holes in the ceiling to attach them, so don't do it without your landlord's permission.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Always ask your landlord before making any renovations that require drilling holes or marking up walls. You could lose your security deposit if you cause any damage. When in doubt, check with the landlord.

[Edit]References

Positive patients sent homes in case of mistaken identity, probe ordered

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Positive patients sent homes in case of mistaken identity, probe ordered


Source: TIE

111 new cases — 82 from 5 districts

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

111 new cases — 82 from 5 districts


Source: TIE

Insensitive to suspend dearness allowance increment, says Congress

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Insensitive to suspend dearness allowance increment, says Congress


Source: TIE

No coercive steps against Arnab for three weeks, says SC

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

No coercive steps against Arnab for three weeks, says SC


Source: TIE

As UP plans return of migrant workers,10 positive so far

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

As UP plans return of migrant workers,10 positive so far


Source: TIE

Facing Centre heat, Bengal puts out audit: 57 deaths, 18 due to virus

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Facing Centre heat, Bengal puts out audit: 57 deaths, 18 due to virus


Source: TIE

PM repeats self-reliance message, now to villages: don’t look outside country

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

PM repeats self-reliance message, now to villages: don't look outside country


Source: TIE

Coronavirus outbreak: Row erupts between TMC, Rlys as 9 RPF personnel test positive in West Bengal

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Coronavirus outbreak: Row erupts between TMC, Rlys as 9 RPF personnel test positive in West Bengal


Source: TIE

UP, MP plan return of migrants stuck in other states: Will send buses, quarantine

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

UP, MP plan return of migrants stuck in other states: Will send buses, quarantine


Source: TIE

Govt panel proposes delayed start to new college session, Sept instead of July

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Govt panel proposes delayed start to new college session, Sept instead of July


Source: TIE

Telangana dist that set off Tablighi search ready for all-clear

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Telangana dist that set off Tablighi search ready for all-clear


Source: TIE

BJP adapted its work culture to needs of lockdown: Baluni

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

BJP adapted its work culture to needs of lockdown: Baluni


Source: TIE

Probe into Delhi riots: Student activists, PFI under police scrutiny

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Probe into Delhi riots: Student activists, PFI under police scrutiny


Source: TIE

Centre issues advisory easing curbs on select shops, sending four teams to new hotspots

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Centre issues advisory easing curbs on select shops, sending four teams to new hotspots


Source: TIE

Cox and Kings Dossier – Part 2: ‘Conspiracy, fraud’ – Loan diverted to firm run by top executives, including auditor

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:32 PM PDT

Cox and Kings Dossier – Part 2: 'Conspiracy, fraud' – Loan diverted to firm run by top executives, including auditor


Source: TIE

Don’t force industry to pay wages during COVID-19 lockdown

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:27 PM PDT

Don't force industry to pay wages during COVID-19 lockdown
Growth was already slowing before the corona outbreak; forcing industry to pay full wages imperils MSMEs' survival

Source: TFE

Fixed-term employment: House panel for defining job tenures, adding safeguards

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:27 PM PDT

Fixed-term employment: House panel for defining job tenures, adding safeguards
FTE workers/employees are entitled for all the benefits (except retrenchment compensation as termination of service as a result of completion of the tenure of FTE would not be considered as retrenchment) which are available to permanent employees.

Source: TFE

Covid-19 pandemic: The trade cure for the global economy

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:27 PM PDT

Covid-19 pandemic: The trade cure for the global economy
To ensure a sustained recovery from this crisis, and the development of a more resilient and inclusive global economy, trade finance must occupy a permanent place on the global agenda

Source: TFE

Polio vaccine could beat Coronavirus: Dr Robert Gallo, HIV co-discoverer

Posted: 24 Apr 2020 05:27 PM PDT

Polio vaccine could beat Coronavirus: Dr Robert Gallo, HIV co-discoverer
Dr Gallo and Dr Chumakov briefly talk about research showing non-specific protection from vaccines such as BCG, measles and other live attenuated (weakened) vaccines.

Source: TFE

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